過去的研究證實,以家庭為本位的介入方案可以有效幫助父母處理兒童在家中所出現的挑戰行為以及減少父母的親職壓力。因此,本研究的主要目的是為了探討以家庭為本位的預防-教導-增強介入模式(Prevent-Teach-Reinforce for Families, PTR-F)對於具有挑戰行為的發展遲緩兒童之家庭的影響。本研究以兩個家庭有出現挑戰行為問題的發展遲緩兒童為研究對象,並採用PTR-F 模式作為以家庭為本位的介入,並探討孩子挑戰行為之變化、兩位母親對於孩子的行為支持計劃(Behavioral Support Plan, BSP)之執行精準度,以及團隊(研究者和母親)在介入過程中之精準度。PTR-F模式主要分五個階段實施:(一)組隊(Teaming);(二)評量(Assessment);(三)介入(Intervention);(四)教練(Coaching);(五)評價(Evaluation)。本研究採用單一受試撤回實驗設計,整個實驗為期約四個月。在實驗結束時,研究者透過訪問兩位母親所得的質性內容,建立本研究之社會效度。研究結果顯示,兩位孩子的挑戰行為在實驗階段間變化(基線期一至介入期一;基線期二至介入期二)具超過50%之差距。此證明了PTR-F模式對兩位孩子的挑戰行為具有明顯的介入效果。此外,兩位母親也達到了平均值80%以上的高執行精準度以及平均值90% 以上的高介入過程精準度。本研究的觀察者間一致性為95%以上。最後,本研究亦討論PTR-F家庭介入模式的建議和限制,並提出未來PTR模式之執行和研究之建議,以供相關研究與實務人員參考。
This study investigated the social status of gifted children as assessed bytheir age / grade peers in Taiwan‚ Republic of China. The gifted subjects were from grades4-8‚ in both urban and suburban schools‚ who spent the larger part of the academic day in the regular classroom while partakingin a resource‚ or pull-out gifted program. All students completed a sociometric nomination instrument in which they rated their classmates. A 2 (Gender) by 2 (Group‚ gifted v.s. non-gifted) analysis was used to investigate group differences in children assigned by their peers to popular‚ rejected‚neglected‚or controversial group status. Gifted children are as popular as non-gifted children‚ although there may still be cause for concern about the percentage of gifted girls who are nominated. Although non-gifted boys are the most frequently nominated as "like most" of all the groups‚ they are also more likely to be nominated as "liked least." No gifted students were assigned to the unpopular group. Gifted children are no more likely to be considered neglected or controversial than their non-gifted counterparts. Students at the elementary level are more likely to be considered controversial than at the junior high level.
一對一數數對於自閉症幼兒相當重要是數量的概念,更是數學學習能力的基礎。國內教導自閉症幼兒的數學教材與相關研究付之闕如,而國外教材Teaching Early Numeracy to children with Special Educational Needs(TEN-SEN)已具有實證基礎,適用於自閉症及特殊需求的學生。本研究探究TEN-SEN改編教材的實施對於臺灣自閉症幼兒數量概念中的一對一數數能力是否有提升情況。本研究以三位4至6歲自閉症幼兒為研究對象,採用單一受試研究之跨受試者多基線設計,自變項為(TEN-SEN)改編教材,依變項為代表學生學習進步成效的學習階段,與一對一數數步驟達成百分比,以視覺分析法分析研究結果。本研究信效度良好。研究結果顯示TEN-SEN改編教材與學生的學習階段有建立穩定功能關係,但在步驟達成百分比只有兩位學生有成效。本研究分析錯誤類型後可分為14種。TEN-SEN改編教材在台灣執行中,從社會效度發現再度強調了偏好物在教學中以及一對一數數的重要性,建議未來在收案條件限制要較為嚴格,真確性檢核表設計可以更加完善。