探究國中小學生自然連結、環境行為與心理幸福感之關聯

Abstract

2015年，聯合國提出「健康與福祉」(Good Health and Well-Being)的永續發展目標(SDG 3)，旨在確保各年齡層皆能享有健康生活，然而過去研究發現兒童與青少年的心理幸福感隨年齡的增長而下降，因此尋求有效改善心理幸福感的策略尤為重要。本研究目的在於探討國中小學生的自然連結、環境行為是否能夠促進心理幸福感，並理解戶外課程在各變項預測關係之調節效果。本研究調查對象為臺灣三~九年級的國中小學生，並分為兩群體—「參與戶外課程」（簡稱戶外組）與「未參與戶外課程」（簡稱非戶外組）。戶外組樣本以立意抽樣選擇來自112學年度與國教院合作之「戶外教育基地學校」，非戶外組樣本則是透過滾雪球方法進行調查。本研究有效樣本共673份，其中261份預試樣本用於問卷的信效度檢驗，另412份正式樣本（含戶外組139份、非戶外組273份）則用於SPSS 23.0、PROCESS 4.2與LISREL 10.20學生版等統計軟體進行分析，包括差異分析、調節效果分析、多群組路徑分析和結構方程模式等。研究結果發現：一、國中小學生的自然連結、心理幸福感屬中等偏上，而環境行為則普遍表現較低。二、自然連結、環境行為與心理幸福感在不同教育程度和假日平均使用3C產品時間上具有顯著組間差異。三、自然連結和環境行為皆能正向顯著影響心理幸福感，且環境行為在自然連結對心理幸福感的影響上具有部分中介效果。四、戶外課程對於自然連結、環境行為與心理幸福感之影響關係不具有調節效果。本文根據研究結果提出研究與實務上的建議，以供未來學術界與教育界參考。In 2015, the United Nations introduced the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 3) on"Good Health and Well-Being," aiming to ensure that individuals of all ages can have healthy lives. However, previous studies have shown that psychological well-being (PW) of children and adolescents tends to decline with age, making it especially important to seek effective strategies for improving PW. The purpose of this study is to explore whether connection with nature (CWN) and environmental behavior (EB) of elementary and junior high school students can promote PW, and to examine the moderation effect of outdoor courses on the relationships among these variables. The participants are divided into two groups: “outdoor group” and “non-outdoor group”, consisting of students from grades 3 to 9. The outdoor group was selected through purposive sampling from the “outdoor-education-base schools” in collaboration with the National Academy for Educational Research during the 2023 academic year. The non-outdoor group was surveyed using snowball sampling method. The total sample included 673 responses, with 261 pretest samples used to assess the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, and 412 formal samples (139 from the outdoor group, 273 from the non-outdoor group) used for data analysis in SPSS 23.0, PROCESS 4.2, and LISREL 10.20. These analyses included tests for t-test, ANOVA, moderation analysis, multi-group path analysis, and structural equation modeling. The results of the study revealed that: (1) CWN and PW of students are at moderately high levels, while EB are generally lower. (2) Significant inter-group differences are found in CWN, EB, and PW based on educational level and average use of 3C products during holidays. (3) Both CWN and EB can positively significantly predict PW, with EB partially mediating the effect of CWN on PW. (4) Outdoor courses don't have moderation effect on the relationships among CWN, EB, and PW. Based on these findings, this study provides suggestions for future academic research and educational practices.