在COVID-19疫情下的樂觀偏誤與風險溝通行為之研究

Abstract

COVID-19疫情的流行造成全球性的公共衛生挑戰，為了保護自身健康，人們會採取必要的預防措施，但是人們常常會覺得別人比自己更容易遭遇到不幸的事件，這種現象被稱為樂觀偏誤（Optimistic bias），本研究主旨在探討樂觀偏誤如何影響個人的風險識覺，負向情緒與個體經驗對樂觀偏誤與風險識覺的影響，風險識覺對風險溝通行為、風險預防行為之間的關聯性，比較樂觀主義者、現實主義者、悲觀主義者在不同變項的表現差異，探討影響戴口罩的心理因素。 問卷發放採網路問卷形式，研究對象為居住臺灣的民眾，調查時間為2020年11月12日至17日，共收回1379份有效樣本。 研究結果表示（1）台灣民眾在面對COVID-19疫情時確實存在樂觀偏誤的情形；（2）樂觀偏誤僅會增加風險識覺中的問題認知；（3）負向情緒、個體經驗與樂觀偏誤無關聯性，但是能夠影響風險識覺；（4）風險識覺會影響風險溝通行為及風險預防行為；（5）樂觀主義者在風險溝通行為、過去的風險預防行為的表現低於現實主義者、悲觀主義者；（6）自主、歸屬、勝任、利他主義會影響戴口罩的行為。COVID-19 pandemic has created a global public health challenge. In order to protect their health, people will take preventive measures, but people often feel that others are more likely to encounter unfortunate events than themselves, a phenomenon known as optimistic bias. This study aimed to explore how optimism bias affected risk perception, the influence of negative emotions and individual experience on optimism bias and risk perception, the relevance of risk perception to risk communication behavior and risk prevention behavior, compare the performance of unrealistic optimists, realists, and unrealistic pessimists in variables.Explore the psychological factors that affect wearing masks. This study used the questionnaire by online survey platforms. The research subjects are people living in Taiwan. The survey time is from November 12 to 17, 2020, and a total of 1,379 valid samples have been recovered. The results of the study show that (1) Taiwanese people have the existence of optimism bias when facing the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Optimism bias only increases problem perception in risk perception; (3) Negative emotions and individual experience are not related to optimistic bias, but they can affect risk perception; (4) Risk perception will affect risk communication behavior and risk prevention behavior; (5) Unrealistic optimists have lower performance in risk communication behaviors and past risk prevention behaviors than realists and unrealistic pessimists; (6) Autonomy, relatedness, competence, and altruism will affect the behavior of wearing masks.