豐子愷《護生畫集》中狩獵與放生圖文的環境倫理意涵之探究

Abstract

近來狩獵與放生的議題備受討論，焦點幾乎放在人與動物身上，但其實自然環境也非常重要，狩獵是人類介入自然環境的情況下發生，放生是人類間接地介入自然環境，兩者都是人與自然之間的利益衝突，但是人類不能再以人的利益為優先考量，必需甚至優先顧慮到自然環境，產生價值上的判斷與行為的道德標準，這是環境倫理所探討的問題，豐子愷的《護生畫集》中有許多描繪狩獵與放生場景的篇章，內容傳達愛護和珍惜生命，不可任意傷害動物之「戒殺」與「護生」的理念，不同立場與觀點會對自然環境產生不同的影響，值得作進一步探討。 本研究以文件分析法，分析對象為豐子愷的《護生畫集》，從中選出32篇有關狩獵與放生的圖文，共八個主題，先解釋該漫畫及詩文，瞭解豐子愷對狩獵與放生的護生觀，試以環境倫理的觀點分析論述其圖文意涵，結果將呈現豐子愷的護生觀與環境倫理觀點的比較、對話，讀者能瞭解「殺生」、「弱肉強食」在自然中乃正常的事，重要的是心態與手段，本研究成果使現代的生態觀念與豐子愷的護生觀相輔相成，能彰顯更完整的「護生」，慈悲心也能真正實踐。又《護生畫集》的圖文能引發讀者與現實環境、生活經驗作連結思考，適合當作環境教育教材，探討《護生畫集》的狩獵與放生圖文中環境倫理意涵，最後提出運用豐子愷《護生畫集》進行環境教育與生命教育之建議。That we are talking about the environment issue of hunting and releasing animals almost concern for human race and animals. However, nature should be considered as well. Hunting and releasing animals both affect to the nature environment. It is the conflict of interest between the human race and nature. In the meantime, how the value we judge and how we can do is the issue which the Environmental ethics explores. There are many chapters about hunting and releasing animals in Feng Zi Kai’s book Protection for living beings which delivers the idea of “Do not kill”, “cherishing Life”, and “Do not hurt animals arbitrarily”. As you know, the different standpoints bring about the different influences. It’ll be been researched further. The research analyzes 32 writing and illustrations of Protection for living beings related to Hunting or Release animals in 8 topics with Documentary Research. At first, we explain the meaning of writing and illustrations. Then, try to analyze every topic and discuss their meanings of Environmental ethics. The result is the comparison of Environmental ethics and Feng Zi Kai’s view. Due to the writing and illustrations can make readers think the realism and their life experience, they are provided with the significance of Environmental education. The meanings of Environmental ethics of Protection for living beings related to hunting or release animals can supplement the Ecological concept. In the end, the research elaborates proposes to the suggestion of Environmental Education.