新竹科學工業園區周邊國民小學高年級學童環境行為意向調查

Abstract

新竹地區由於資訊產業的發展，就學就業機帶吸引人口遷入。工商業和居住需求促成農地、坡地開發。除了自然景觀改變，社會步調走向更快，在這樣的環境下成長的學童，他們的生活經驗會怎麼影響他們去什麼樣的戶外場所活動與接觸自然的機會多寡。他們自身與戶外活動場所的地方依附，還有來自周圍社會的規範會怎麼影響他們的心理因素，然後促成他們在戶外場所的環境行為意向，係為本研究之方向。 研究採用問卷調查的方式進行，佐以計畫行為理論模式，計劃於2015年3月至5月至新竹市科學園區鄰近的小學進行施測，施測對象為國民小學五、六年級的學生。研究結果將顯示科學工業園區周邊國民小學學童在地方依附上，呈現對於環境態度之影響，而環境態度影響到他們的環境保護行為意向。因此，強化其地方感，通過環境教育之指引，將可強化其環境友善行動。 家長的教育程度低，孩子接觸電子資訊產品的頻率與時間就越高。接觸電子資訊產品時間長，從事戶外活動時間相對減少。另一方面，家庭資源不充裕，會限制孩童接近環境教育場所，還有接受環境教育的機會，不利於培養環境友善行為。 根據問卷調查的結果，將近54.5%的學生最常去的戶外活動場所為學校校園，然而認同感並不高，將近六成的學童比較想念旅行、度假時接觸到的自然景觀。學童心理因素中，以態度跟環境行為意向關聯性最強，主觀社會規範對心理變項影響力較大，但描述社會規範比起對態度，對個人規範影響更明顯。 地方依附與心理變項可作為預測環境行為意向的變項。社會規範可預測心理變項，直預測行為意向效果則不顯著。但年齡增長，社會規範對心理變項的預測力逐漸增加，間接來影響環境友善行為意向。 建議朝提升學童的地方認同感，輔以學校本具有的教育及學習機能，加強宣傳環境友善理念、營造環境行動氛圍，來提升學童的環境素養與環境友善行為。

Place attachment, composed of place dependent and place identity, relates to psychological factors and environmental friendly behavior. In this survey, the aim of my studies is to make more understanding of children’s place attachment in their scale at greenery areas through questionnaire survey in Hsinchu City, where Hsinchu Science Industrial Park located. Parents who only received compulsory education imply that their family is on a budget. Their income can not afford children’s environmentally education course. Instead of spending time in nature, their children surf on the internet then alienate from natural environment. We used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a framework to contribute psychological variables, to analysis the relationships of attitude, perceived behavior control, personal norm, social norm, as well as place attachment. The correlations of these variables are that we are focused on their cause and effect. Therefore, to strengthen their sense of place as well as through the guidance of environmental education, will be able to strengthen their environmentally friendly behaviors. Place attachment could affect the intention of environmentally friendly behavior both directly and indirectly. The attitude mediated place attachment and social norm on their environmental friendly behavior. The social norm has strongly influenced on psychological variables while slightly influenced on behavioral intention. Elder children have more influences from social norm for their psychological variables while growing up. According to the questionnaires, the correlation between attitude and environmental intention is stronger. As for the place attachment, children’s outdoor activities are focused on campus. However, their visiting frequency is not related to the factor of place attachment. In this way, promoting their place attachment and achieving educating and learning activities on campus, it would be helpful to improve their environmentally friendly behaviors.