小學生海洋教育的學習內涵-以澎湖海洋策略聯盟小學為例

Abstract

本研究以美國海洋大氣總署（NOAA）推廣的海洋素養七大原則為基礎，調查澎湖海洋小學之海洋教育現況、適用於澎湖且具本土性的海洋小學海洋素養學習內涵、澎湖海洋策略聯盟之合作模式等課題，並以問卷調查法及半結構式訪談進行調查。研究結果顯示，各個小學交流關係緊密、各校之間已有固定參訪的場域；各個場域之間還有與其他領域科目的課程結合之改善空間；教師進行課程安排地點，以交通易便性、學生的安全性、及教師對於地點的熟悉度為考量重點。在海洋素養學習內容方面，目前針對海洋素養的內容較少，較多教師選擇的內涵大致上符合澎湖的在地性及課綱發展方向。本研究建議海洋小學聯盟應多發展適用於澎湖的海洋素養學習內涵、需多理解國際海洋素養學習重點，並善用當地資源發展培養海洋素養及探索態度的校本課程，且將議題融入課堂進行討論。在策略聯盟合作模式方面，澎湖海洋小學的合作模式已有多年發展，各校之間的合作頻繁，學校普遍都有與民間機構、政府機關合作之經驗；但各校設備缺乏合作平台，建議由政府機關來進行資源人力的整合；各校教師、主任、校長關係緊密，但合作的模式還有改善的空間。在教師研習方面，受訪者表示需精簡化，也應提供更多線上研習資源，以供海洋教育未來的發展。Based on the seven principles of Ocean Literacy promoted by the national Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), this study investigates the current situation of marine education in Penghu Ocean Primary School, the connotation of Ocean Literacy learning in Penghu Ocean Primary School with local characteristics, and explores the cooperation model of the Penghu Ocean Strategic Alliance. The survey is conducted by questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews. The results of the research show that the exchanges between primary schools are close, and there are fixed and frequently visited sites among the schools; there is room for the combination of courses in other fields between each site; the teacher arranges the location of the course with the convenience of transportation, the safety of the students, and the teacher's familiarity with the location as the focus. In terms of marine literacy learning content, there are currently few marine literacy content and more people choose the connotations that are generally in line with the local characteristics of Penghu and the development direction of the curriculum. To develop marine literacy learning connotations suitable for Penghu Ocean Primary School, it is necessary to understand the international focus of marine literacy learning, make good use of local resources to develop a school-based curriculum that cultivates marine literacy and exploration attitudes and integrate topics into classroom discussions. In terms of the strategic alliance cooperation model, the cooperation model of Penghu Ocean Primary School has been developed for many years. Cooperation between schools is frequent. Schools generally have experience in cooperation with non-governmental organizations and government agencies. However, the facilities of each school lack a cooperation platform. It is recommended that government agencies integrate resources and manpower. The teachers, directors, and principals of each school have a close relationship, but there is still room for improvement in the cooperation model. In terms of teacher training, the interviewees indicated that it needs to be streamlined and more online learning resources should be provided for the future development of marine education.