探討臺灣繁殖鳥類大調查(BBS TW)公民科學家的參與動機、學習歷程與學習成果
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2019
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公民科學做為21世紀蓬勃發展的科學研究方法之一，所擁有的優勢除了補足傳統以科學家資料蒐集緩慢困難的問題，同時可作為大眾接觸環境教育的重要媒介。然而針對公民科學家本身的研究，不管國內還是國外比起其科學研究結果都相對缺乏。因此，本研究針對公民科學家參與公民科學計畫的重要因素，參與動機、學習歷程與學習成果進行深入探討，同時以Falk及Dierking於1998年即提出的自由選擇學習理論和學習情境模型，了解公民科學家的學習歷程中受那些因素影響。本研究以臺灣繁殖鳥類大調查（BBS TW），臺灣的鳥類公民科學計畫為研究對象，於2018年運用量化的問卷分析公民科學家的動機和學習成果，2019年1月以質性參與式觀察和半結構式訪談了解參與時的學習歷程。在回收的126份有效問卷成果上BBS TW的公民科學家最初的參與動機以價值觀構面最多，持續動機在價值觀、社會互動和組織計畫構面上皆有顯著成長。學習歷程中，參與者辨識鳥類的能力、價值觀與環境敏感度等受不同學習情境影響。最終學習成果上持續參與BBS TW的公民科學家在知識、態度、行為與技能上都顯著高於中斷參與者。建議針對不同客群以主打不同參與動機，學習資源上加強聽力與圖像或學習環境的結合，期望本研究結果能利BBS TW公民科學計畫更有效的執行。
As one of the flourishing scientific research methods in the 21st century, citizen science can not only make up for the traditional difficulties in collecting scientific data but also serve as an important tool for the public connection with environmental education. However, both domestic and foreign research on citizen scientists are relatively scarce compared to biological scientific research. This study has been focused on the important factors of participation of citizen scientists in citizen science programs, especially in their motivation, learning process, and outcomes. Using the free-choice learning theory and contextual model of learning proposed by Falk and Dierking in 1998 to explore what factors influenced citizen scientists’ learning. This study selected bird’s citizen science program in Taiwan: Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey (BBS TW) as an example. Using questionnaires to analyze the motivations and learning outcomes of citizen scientists in 2018. While using participant observation and semi-structured interviews to understand the learning process of citizen scientists in January, 2019. The results of the 126 questionnaire represented that value-driven initial motivations scored most highly. Value-, social- and project-driven motivations has a significant trend of growth in the continuous motivation. In learning process, different learning contexts affected participants’ capabilities to identify birds, value, and environmental sensitivity. The citizen scientists who continued to participate in BBS TW learning outcomes were detected significantly higher in their knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and skills than that of the dropout participants. This study suggests that strengthen the combination of listening and image or learning environment for participants. Note that different groups have different motivations to participate. Hope that the results of this study can promote the effective implementation of the citizen science program in the future.
As one of the flourishing scientific research methods in the 21st century, citizen science can not only make up for the traditional difficulties in collecting scientific data but also serve as an important tool for the public connection with environmental education. However, both domestic and foreign research on citizen scientists are relatively scarce compared to biological scientific research. This study has been focused on the important factors of participation of citizen scientists in citizen science programs, especially in their motivation, learning process, and outcomes. Using the free-choice learning theory and contextual model of learning proposed by Falk and Dierking in 1998 to explore what factors influenced citizen scientists’ learning. This study selected bird’s citizen science program in Taiwan: Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey (BBS TW) as an example. Using questionnaires to analyze the motivations and learning outcomes of citizen scientists in 2018. While using participant observation and semi-structured interviews to understand the learning process of citizen scientists in January, 2019. The results of the 126 questionnaire represented that value-driven initial motivations scored most highly. Value-, social- and project-driven motivations has a significant trend of growth in the continuous motivation. In learning process, different learning contexts affected participants’ capabilities to identify birds, value, and environmental sensitivity. The citizen scientists who continued to participate in BBS TW learning outcomes were detected significantly higher in their knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and skills than that of the dropout participants. This study suggests that strengthen the combination of listening and image or learning environment for participants. Note that different groups have different motivations to participate. Hope that the results of this study can promote the effective implementation of the citizen science program in the future.
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公民科學, 參與動機, 學習歷程, 自由選擇學習, 學習情境模型, citizen science, motivation of participation, learning process, free-choice learning, contextual model of learning