探究臺灣民眾對自然解方與碳抵換的理解

Abstract

自然解方（Nature-based Solution, NbS）是永續浪潮下的新興熱門詞彙，成為因應氣候變遷、降低災害風險等社會挑戰的重要策略之一，近年在臺灣討論度逐漸提升，被視為是氣候變遷調適的重要策略之一，而與自然解方相關的自然為本碳信用，隨著近年我國成立碳權交易所，未來政府要針對企業課徵碳費，討論度也有所提升。不過已有許多研究指出應瞭解自然解方的功能性與應用限制，避免過度依賴自然解方的效用，且亦有不少研究提出對碳抵換的質疑。過往的研究多無探討關於自然解方與碳抵換的迷思概念，本研究目的不僅是為了系統性的理解有關我國民眾對自然解方和碳抵換的知識、態度與行為的表現情形，也從批判角度的觀點檢視民眾對於兩項議題是否有所偏誤。本研究透過文獻分析並結合KAB理論(Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior theory)建構問卷，並經由相關專家審查後，針對臺灣民眾進行調查，旨在瞭解民眾在自然解方與碳抵換的這些議題上的表現與差異。研究結果顯示，民眾對於自然解方與碳抵換議題的認知程度普遍偏低。碳抵換相關名詞相較於自然解方的聽聞度較高，但整體理解程度仍不足。特別是在自然解方的應用上，雖然多數民眾同意其能解決社會挑戰，但缺乏實際證據支持其效用，尤其在防洪等特定問題上的應用成效仍有爭議。 而本研究發現性別、年齡、學歷及參與永續活動經驗對民眾的自我認知、知識及行為表現具有部分顯著差異，但對態度表現無顯著影響。自我認知與行為表現成中度正相關，知識與行為成低度負相關，態度與行為成中度相關。本研究提供了臺灣民眾對自然解方與碳抵換議題的初步認識，並指出不同背景變項對議題認知和行為表現的影響，為未來政策制定與教育推廣提供了重要參考。Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have emerged as a popular concept within the sustainability movement, serving as crucial strategies for addressing climate change, reducing disaster risks, and tackling other societal challenges. In recent years, the discussion surrounding NbS has gained traction in Taiwan, where it is increasingly viewed as an essential climate adaptation strategy. Concurrently, nature-based carbon credits associated with NbS have garnered attention, especially with the establishment of a Taiwan Carbon Solution Exchange (TCX) and the government's plan to levy carbon fees on businesses. However, numerous studies emphasize the need to understand the functional and application limits of NbS to avoid over-reliance on its effectiveness, and many critiques have been raised regarding carbon offset mechanisms. Previous research rarely explores the myths surrounding NbS and carbon offsets. This study aims to systematically understand the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours (KAB) of Taiwanese citizens regarding NbS and carbon offsets and critically examine whether there are misconceptions among the public concerning these two issues.This study employed literature review and KAB theory (Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior theory) to construct a questionnaire, which was reviewed by relevant experts. A survey was then conducted among Taiwanese citizens to assess their performance and differences in these topics. The findings reveal that the public's awareness of NbS and carbon offsets is generally low. Terms related to carbon offsets are more recognized than those related to NbS, but overall comprehension remains insufficient. Despite most people agreeing that NbS can address societal challenges, there is a lack of empirical evidence supporting its efficacy, particularly concerning specific applications like flood control. The study finds that gender, age, education level, and experience in sustainability activities significantly affectself-awareness, knowledge, and behavior, but not attitudes. There is a moderate positive correlation between self-awareness and behavior, a slight negative correlation between knowledge and behavior, and a moderate correlation between attitudes and behavior. This study provides an initial understanding of Taiwanese public’s perceptions of NbS and carbon offsets, highlighting the impact of different background variables on these perceptions and behaviors, and offers important insights for future policy-making and educational promotion.