我國電視新聞記者之氣候變遷素養調查研究

Abstract

從聯合國跨國氣候變遷研究小組(IPCC)過往發佈的數次氣候評估報告中，指出氣候變暖已經是「毫無爭議」的事實，且有超過90%可能性是由人類活動導致。人為開發破壞大幅增加環境脆弱程度，未來在氣候變遷衝擊之下，人類生活的環境將面臨更嚴重的災害。解決環境問題有賴於民眾對於相關議題具備正確的知識與概念，而許多研究中均指出媒體在社會中是主要的資訊管道和來源。因此媒體從業人員具備專業知識、正確態度是重要的。因此，本研究以我國電視新聞記者為研究對象，調查氣候變遷素養表現，並分析不同背景變項的記者，於氣候變遷相關的知識、態度、行為表現上的差異，以及知識、態度、行為表現三者的關係，同時探討媒體運作機制。 本研究調查對象為電視新聞台記者，採量化研究之問卷調查法，以立意取樣方式進行問卷發放，總計回收有效樣本數為145份。調查結果顯示我國電視新聞記者的氣候變遷知識程度偏低，多數記者面臨氣候變遷議題之共同現象包含：氣候變遷相關科學知識不足；對於氣候變遷議題之全球與國內情境不瞭解；氣候變遷因應策略之概念不清楚。研究結果亦指出電視新聞記者最信任的消息來源依序為科學期刊、專家學者、環保團體，且對於電視的信任程度不及報紙及雜誌等平面媒體。 分析人口學變項對知識題得分並無呈現顯著水準，但從整體得分來看，文字記者得分較攝影記者高，資淺記者表現較資深記者佳；而工作年資於態度及行為表現上，資淺記者的表現較資深記者更為積極。此外，研究得知記者的氣候變遷知識表現並不會影響態度及行為表現，而態度會影響記者的行為表現。 氣候變遷議題影響人類生活層面甚廣，有賴於全民參與達成社會共識。然而電視新聞作為一般民眾最主要的資訊來源，鑒於氣候變遷議題的重要性，記者應對氣候變遷議題有更多的關切。透過本次氣候變遷素養的調查，顯示整體記者的氣候變遷素養程度並不高，更顯現出在媒體組織推行氣候變遷教育之重要性。It has been reported by IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) that global warming is a undisputed fact, and it was very likely cause by human beings. In addition, the overdevelopment of land worsens the vulnerability of environment. The right knowledge and concepts of citizens is a key to solving environmental problems. However, many studies have pointed out that the media is the main sources of environmental and scientific Information for citizens. Therefore, it is important that journalists have the expertise and the right attitude. This research targeted the TV News Journalists in Taiwan as the subjects and was primarily aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude and behavior for climate change issue. At the same time, this research analyzed the relationships among the background variables of the participants and three dimensions. And also focus on operation of media. A questionnaire was designed as the research tool of this quantitative study, and purposive sampling was employed as the sampling method, a total of 200 questionnaires were released and 145 were valid. The findings indicate: they were showed a poor level of climate change knowledge. The common problems of them in facing climate change issue, which were lack of scientific knowledge of climate change and the concept of mitigation and adaptation, poor understanding about the situation of climate change between global and Taiwan. The results indicate that the most trusted sources of information were scientific journals, experts, environmental groups (NGOs). And the TV News Journalists trusted newspapers and magazines more than TV. There were no significant effect in knowledge dimension; in attitude dimension and behavior dimension, there was a significant effect in working years. And there was no significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitude, and between knowledge and behavior intention, but there were a significant positive correlation between knowledge and behavior. People's lives were affected by climate change. People have to be consensus about solving environmental issues. However, TV news as the most important source of information for the public, the journalists must have more concerns on climate change issues. This survey shows that journalists’ climate change literacy level is poor, media organizations have to implement the climate change education.