以永續發展目標合宜工作內涵探討建築施工產業良窳

Abstract

臺灣建築業行之有年，卻鮮少有人研究建築施工環境對於建築工人的影響。本研究計劃將探究建築施工環境對於建築工人，俗稱工班師傅的影響程度，並建立合宜工作的永續發展目標之理論基礎。本研究目的係為探究建築施工環境的利害關係者之一的建築工人，俗稱工班師傅，以及建築包商之間的互利關係，是否彼此之間意識到建築業施工環境現狀的社會問題，並且透過質性觀察和訪談的研究方法，向所有利害關係者說明建築業施工環境現狀的困窘之境，同時依據永續發展目標進行勾稽，進而加強利害關係者對於建築施工環境的永續經營意識，藉由合宜工作理論基礎進行實踐，以探索建築業經濟永續發展，通過施工環境效能提升，以及在施工環境中提升社會包容度等三方面進行論述。本研究進行一年的工地現地研究，自2022年6月至2023年6月進行工地建築工人的訪談和分析，並且進行2023年8月31日~9月7日專家焦點團體之訪談，建構了合宜工作的五大面向：包括尊嚴、安全、薪資、工時、對話平台。其結果發現，經過營造建商藉由直銷，免除中間剝削，可提升建築品質，並且提高建物耐震標準，強化建案的品質售價轉嫁至消費者承擔，藉由強化建築的品質和施工環境的品質，由於建案品牌的提升和建築工人自我信心的滿足，由業者針對建築施工環境的利害關係者提出合宜工作的建議及實踐注重尊嚴、安全、薪資、工時、對話平台等的合宜工作，透過建築工人、建築承包商，以及業主三方共同討論及說明，研究發現依據Donaldson and Dunfee的綜合社會契約理論(Donaldson& Dunfee, 1999)，奠立了營造產業的企業社會責任和環境社會治理層面，並且依據Frederickson & Kahneman(Fredrickson & Kahneman, 1993) 的峰終規則（1993），強化了建立企業主和員工之間情感正面影響的重要性，讓員工體會尊嚴工作價值建構的重要性。由建築施工品質提升，將售價轉介消費者，提升施工環境品質、強化建築工人和承包商對於臺灣建築業界的信心，藉以提升利害關係者意識建築施工環境現狀的環境問題及困境，解決上述利害關係者對於建築施工環境永續發展中合宜工作的實踐，以利建築施工產業之永續環境發展。Construction industry of Taiwan has been established for many years, but few cases have studied the impact of the building construction environment on construction workers. This study will explore the anthropogenic influence on the construction environment on the research object, and put forward relevant suggestions for follow-up theoretical researchers, the purpose of the research is to explore the stakeholders in the construction environment (construction workers and construction contractors) as the research object, whether they are aware of the environmental problems of the current situation of the construction environment in the construction industry, through the qualitative research method, explaining the dilemma of the construction environment in the construction industry to all stakeholders, and at the same time link with the goal of responding to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In turn, it strengthens the stakeholders' awareness of sustainable management of the construction environment. Through the practice of decent work on fields, this study was aimed at to achieve sustainable economic growth, social inclusion, as well as efficacy in the construction industry. The results have concluded that after two full semesters from 2022 to 2023, the suggestions and practices of decent work are put explained all stakeholders who involved on the construction affairs in their duties, while all stakeholders gradually become aware of the environmental problems and dilemmas of the current situation of the construction environment, which in turn enhances the awareness of stakeholders about the appropriate work in the sustainable development of the construction environment. The final findings, supported by the model, offer significant inputs to Donaldson and Dunfee’s Integrative Social Contracts Theory (Donaldson& Dunfee, 1999) from corporate social responsibility (CSR) to environment, social, and governance (ESG). This finding also concluded that Frederickson and Kahneman’s Peak-and-End-Rule (Fredrickson & Kahneman, 1993) represented the importance of emotional impact from all stakeholders. This could be recommended that while the building operations have conveyed on direct sales by builders, the consumers can be treated beyond intermediate exploitation, enjoying to an improving building quality on a strict building earthquake resistance standard, and referring the reasonable selling price to consumers. To satisfy the self-confidence of construction workers, this study will be declared decent work suggestions and practices for the stakeholders on a sustainable construction environment.