毛細管電泳螢光法偵測苯乙胺類毒品之研究

Abstract

本研究合成出五種2C系列的苯乙胺類毒品，包含2,5-dimethoxy- 4-ethylthio-phenethylamine（2C-T-2）、2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophen- ethylamine（2C-T-7）、4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine（2C-C）、4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-phenethylamine（2C-B）及2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo- phenethylamine（2C-I），並建立標準氣相層析質譜圖和螢光光譜圖。實驗中利用毛細管電泳法偵測五種2C系列混合毒品的天然螢光和發光二極體（LED）誘導螢光，對於天然螢光的部分，選擇用氙燈提供300 nm的波長作為激發光源，在微胞電動層析法（MEKC）及掃集法（sweeping-MEKC）模式下之偵測極限分別為10-4 M和10-7 M；為了提高靈敏度，進而利用fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I（FITC）對2C系列毒品進行衍生，並使用藍光發光二極體作為螢光激發光源，在微胞電動層析法及堆積法（stacking-MEKC）模式下偵測極限可以達到10-7 M和10-8 M。最後，在未吸毒的正常人類尿液中添加五種混合毒品，經過液液萃取的前處理之後，可以用發光二極體誘導螢光法搭配微胞電動層析模式來偵測，本實驗並對萃取流程及分離環境進行條件最佳化。Five 2C-series of phenethylamine designer drugs, including 2,5- dimethoxy-4-ethylthio-phenethylamine (2C-T-2), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)- propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7), 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy- phenethylamine (2C-C), 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-phenethylamine (2C-B), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo-phenethylamine (2C-I), were synthesized and standard GC/MS and fluorescence spectra are reported for them. A mixture of the five drugs was separated and detected by means of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with native fluorescence and light emitting diode (LED)-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection, respectively, for comparison. In the former case, exciting at a wavelength of 300 nm from a Xe lamp was used. The detection limits were found to be only in the range of ~10-4 M by the micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) mode but were improved to ~10-7 M when the sweeping-MEKC mode was used. For a highly sensitive analysis, LED-induced fluorescence detection was examined by derivatizing the compounds with a fluorescent dye, fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC). A blue-LED (~2mW) was used as the fluorescence excitation source. The detection limits were improved to ~10-7 and ~10-8 M, respectively, when the MEKC and stacking-MEKC modes were applied. A mimic urine sample was obtained by spiking urine from a volunteer with the five standards, and after liquid-liquid extraction, the sample was examined by means of the MEKC-LIF mode. The extraction procedures used for the urine sample and the CE conditions for the separation were optimized.