探討幼兒園環境教育內涵

Abstract

本研究旨在探討適合幼兒的環境教育目標、內容及實施原則，為達此目的，採用文獻分析方法，從環境教育與幼兒教育理論，及國外與國內幼兒環境教育實踐研究，探討環境教育在幼兒階段應如何進行？ 研究論述結果，幼兒環境教育目標為達到全人發展，含括身、心、靈，且主要培養環境覺知與環境倫理。適合幼兒的環境教育內容，強調幼兒與自然的連結關係，讓幼兒在日常生活中，接觸生活周遭的自然、連結生活中使用的物資與自然，及覺察生活周遭所碰到的污染問題。引導幼兒環境學習，計有11項實施原則，包含：1. 幼兒的學習建基在具體經驗(感官體驗)。2. 幼兒的玩具取材於自然。3. 讓幼兒在自然中自由探索(遊戲)。4. 與幼兒的生活結合。5. 考量幼兒需求、興趣和動機。6. 在適切考量安全因素下，鼓勵幼兒戶外體驗。7. 環境教育內涵融入幼兒的生活及課程。8. 鼓勵親子共學。9. 作為幼兒學習的楷模。10. 營造溫暖的學習氛圍。11. 引導幼兒思考。最後研究者針對幼兒環境教育，提出未來在研究、推廣上的建議及研究省思。

The purpose of this research is to explore the goal, content and implementation principles of Environmental Education for Early childhood. First, using the Literature review from the theory of Environmental Education and Early Childhood Education; second, analyzing differences from the practice case studies of domestic and overseas. How should the discussion of Environmental Education at the early childhood stage? The results indicated as following points: 1. The goal of the Early Childhood Environmental Education: Achieving the Wholeness, the content includes body, soul and spirit, focus on environmental awareness and environmental ethics. 2. The contents of the Early Childhood Environmental Education: Key of the relationship with children and nature. In everyday life, children surrounding in the nature environment themselves, knowing the resource of daily life from nature, and gaining awareness of the pollution of residence. 3. 11 Implementation principles: (1) Learning from the sense experiences. (2) Toys from the nature. (3) Early children play in nature freely. (4) Early children’s life in nature. (5) Thinking about early children’s needs, interests and motivations. (6) Thinking about the safe factors, encouraging early children to have the outdoor experience. (7) Environmental education infuses in early children’s life and curriculum. (8) Encouraging parents and children learn together. (9) Be a model for early children. (10) Building a warm environment for children to learn about environmental education. (11) To guide the early children to think. Suggestions are made according to the results shown above for promotion and further studies.