臺日鯨豚保育「公民科學」之比較：以臺灣花蓮港與日本御蔵島為例
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2021
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臺灣及日本有許多地區發展出賞鯨活動，雖因應不同的歷史背景、自然環境及鯨豚資源，逐漸發展出不同賞鯨活動的內容，但在臺灣的花蓮港及日本御蔵島卻同樣發展出針對當地鯨豚進行的個體辨識調查。本研究詳述兩地目前的現況及參與其中之參與成員組成形式、動機及參與機制，並期望探討不同的內容是否直接影響到當地的賞鯨規範。研究對象除了關注臺灣花蓮港之外，也根據研究者之實際參與經驗，以日本的御蔵島作為比較研究之對象。本研究以公民科學角度，探討臺灣花蓮港及日本御蔵島兩地的鯨豚保育行動。欲了解當地進行的公民科學計畫及與當地的賞鯨活動之互動關係外，也期望了解參與其中發展鯨豚保育行動的組織，是如何從中協助公民科學計畫的進行，使得兩地賞鯨活動得以朝著永續發展的角度進行。為詳細瞭解臺灣花蓮港及日本御蔵島兩地目前的賞鯨活動基礎資料，本研使用文獻分析法、參與觀察、研究札記試圖理解兩地之賞鯨活動現況，及利用半結構式問卷訪問兩地調查的參與者，期望藉此更加了解當地組織如何以公民參與科學的方式進行當地的鯨豚調查。本研究結果發現，日本御蔵島以招募公民科學計畫為主要目的，因此在每年的調查資料處理中皆具備大量人力；臺灣花蓮港當地並非以招募公民參與科學為主要的目標，而是以培訓賞鯨活動中的解說員為該地組織的工作目標，因此無法如同御蔵島，在制定賞鯨規範上有較為完整的資料作為參考上的依據。雖臺灣花蓮港及日本御蔵島具備不同的歷史脈絡，因此造就不同的公民科學計畫所形成不同的鯨豚保育行動。在日本御蔵島所凝聚出的鯨豚保育行動力能夠透過老手帶領新手的方式，使得每年的基礎數據得到妥善的處理，且實際落實於當地的賞鯨規範中。本比較研究之目的，在於期望臺灣的賞鯨活動能夠以此為借鏡，使得賞鯨活動朝著永續發展的目標持續邁進。
This study explores whale and dolphin conservation organizations in Taiwan and Japan from a citizen science perspective, conducts local citizen science programs and interacts with local whale and dolphin-related activities, and understands how these organizations can help whale and dolphin-related activities to continue to grow in a sustainable way.There are many whale watching activity on Taiwan and Japan, according different history, nature environment and cetaceans ,everywhere have different form on wale watching industry. We discover there are similar cetaceans photo-id survey in Hualien, Taiwan and Mikurajima Japan. This study wishes want to know current situation between Hualien and Mikurajima, about the motivation and participatiion mechanism from participating members. In order to discuss different content influence whale watching management from government, we focus Hualien sport and according participation from study researcher, we will also compare other place- Miukurajima .In order to understand the activities related to whales and dolphins in Hualien Port, Taiwan, and Mikura Island, Japan, the organizations involved conducted citizen-scientific surveys and collected basic information on local and whale and dolphin-related issues, and this study used the Qulitative research method, including: literature analysis, participation observation, research notes and semi-structured questionnaires. This study found that in the area of the island of Okusang, because the main purpose of the scientific plan for the recruitment of citizens, there is a large number of manpower to organize, investigate and accumulate data, for the island each year in the negotiation of whale watching norms, can provide the basic data for management reference; It is not possible to provide the local government and the competent authorities as the main reference in the formulation of whale watching norms.
This study explores whale and dolphin conservation organizations in Taiwan and Japan from a citizen science perspective, conducts local citizen science programs and interacts with local whale and dolphin-related activities, and understands how these organizations can help whale and dolphin-related activities to continue to grow in a sustainable way.There are many whale watching activity on Taiwan and Japan, according different history, nature environment and cetaceans ,everywhere have different form on wale watching industry. We discover there are similar cetaceans photo-id survey in Hualien, Taiwan and Mikurajima Japan. This study wishes want to know current situation between Hualien and Mikurajima, about the motivation and participatiion mechanism from participating members. In order to discuss different content influence whale watching management from government, we focus Hualien sport and according participation from study researcher, we will also compare other place- Miukurajima .In order to understand the activities related to whales and dolphins in Hualien Port, Taiwan, and Mikura Island, Japan, the organizations involved conducted citizen-scientific surveys and collected basic information on local and whale and dolphin-related issues, and this study used the Qulitative research method, including: literature analysis, participation observation, research notes and semi-structured questionnaires. This study found that in the area of the island of Okusang, because the main purpose of the scientific plan for the recruitment of citizens, there is a large number of manpower to organize, investigate and accumulate data, for the island each year in the negotiation of whale watching norms, can provide the basic data for management reference; It is not possible to provide the local government and the competent authorities as the main reference in the formulation of whale watching norms.
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公民科學, 海洋保育, 鯨豚保育, 賞鯨規範, Citizen Science, Ocean Conservation, Whale watching