中高齡者的職涯需求研究

Abstract

台灣自1993年9月即正式進入高齡化社會，2018年高齡人口比例更將高達14%。而人口的高齡化也代表職場年齡的老化，在出生率不斷下降的同時，職場年齡老化伴隨而來的就是勞動參與率的下降，而社會也將因此出現職場的斷層，對於未來台灣經濟發展及競爭力都將產生極大的影響。 由於人的職業生涯有延續性，各年齡層間的勞動參與環環相扣，出生率下降及新鮮人進入職場的時間延後等，都為台灣帶來極大的職場斷層風險，因此如何有效將中高齡勞動人口留在職場，甚至有效利用中高齡勞動人口，將是台灣未來重要的課題。 本研究「中高齡者的職涯需求研究」，是先以文獻探討台灣中高齡勞動參與率現況、勞動參與率偏低的原因、乃至台灣中高齡人力運用的挑戰等議題，再進一步以人力銀行內的求職會員為調查對象，透過問卷調查及質性研究的方法，深入了解中高齡高求職時所遇到的問題，以及中高齡者對於職涯的認知與定義，期望藉此了解中高齡者在職涯過程中所面臨的困擾及需要的協助，作為後續提出讓中高齡者成功就業或提高中高齡者勞動參與率的建議方向。

Taiwan has formally became an aging society since 1993 and the proportions of elder citizens in 2018 are expected to reach up to 14%. An ageing population also means an ageing workforce. As the birth rate continues to decrease, there will be a potential shortage of a young workforce in Taiwan, our economy will possibly be influenced. To increase the labor participation rate is one possible solution to such an issue. This thesis focuses on how we effectively use middle-age people. The literature review reveals the status quo of Taiwanese aging workplaces and explored the reasons of low participation rate in Taiwanese. Through survey and qualitative research, I attempt to understand the problems encountered by middle-aged and senior citizens when they look for jobs. I identified six difficulties faced in their career and the assistance needed. The implications are also discussed.