日治時期臺南州新豐郡的寺廟整理

Abstract

日治時期末期，隨著進入戰爭期，皇民化運動及提振臺灣人的敬神思想成為了日本統治者的主要課題。至1937年，總督府一改過往對臺灣本土宗教放任、溫存的態度，確立了寺廟整理的方針，直到1940年為寺廟整理的全盛期。其中在整個寺廟整理的過程裡，臺南州斗六郡、新豐郡，臺東州臺東市達成寺廟整理100%的成績，新豐郡更是寺廟整理過程最為迅速的一郡。日治時期的臺南州新豐郡，底下共有7庄，在地理位置上，新豐郡比鄰台南市，郡下以從事農業人口的比例最高。1930年代以前，新豐郡並未針對臺灣人舊有的信仰進行過多的干涉，但隨著進入準戰期，日本本土在昭和恐慌後進行「農村更生運動」，作為殖民地的臺灣，則開始推行「部落振興運動」，職志此時，針對臺灣的本土宗教仍未有過多的限制。但在1936年的民風作興協議會後，總督府注意到臺灣人原有的宗教信仰，並開始針對本土信仰做出限制，最終為了完全驅除本土宗教對臺灣人的影響，推動了寺廟整理運動。本文所研究的新豐郡究竟為何可以達成寺廟整理100%的目標？100%的整理率又是真是假？這是本文所希望釐清的課題。除了寺廟整理在新豐郡下推行的虛實以外，本文同時將新豐郡與先行研究中較有代表性的新竹州中壢郡，以及同為整理比率100%且同樣位於臺南州的斗六郡進行比較，進而探討新豐郡寺廟整理運動的獨特之處。並期望藉由此文補足舊新豐郡的地方寺廟發展脈絡。During the late period of Taiwanunder Japanese colonial rule, the “Japanization” (Kōminka Undō) and the promotion of reverence for deities among Taiwanese had become the major concerns toward the Japanese rulers as the country turned into the Interwar period. By 1937, the Government-General had changed their lenient and permissive attitude towards indigenous religions in Taiwan and established a policy of temple reorganization, reaching its peak in 1940. Throughout the process of temple reorganization, Douliu County and Xinfeng County in Tainan Prefecture, as well as Taitung City in Taitung Prefecture had achieved a 100% completion rate in this activity. Also, Xinfeng County is the fastest in this endeavor.When Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period, Xinfeng County of Tainan Prefecture was composed of seven townships. Geographically, Xinfeng County was adjacent to Tainan City and had the highest proportion of population engaged in agriculture. Before the 1930s, Xinfeng County had not significantly interfered with the existing beliefs of the Taiwanese. However, with the approaching of the pre-war period, Japan's mainland initiated the "Rural Reconstruction Movement" (Nōson Kōsei Undō) after the Shōwa Financial Crisis. As a colony, Taiwan began the "Tribal Revitalization Movement" (Buryōkō Undō). The local religions of Taiwan were not heavily restricted at this point. Nevertheless, after the "Cultural Improvement Council" (Minpū Sakigake Kyōgikai) of 1936, the Government-General had noticed the native religious beliefs of Taiwanese and began to impose restrictions on indigenous faiths. Ultimately, inorder to completely eradicate the influence of indigenous religions on the Taiwanese, the temple reorganization movement was promoted.The main purpose of this study is to clarify why Xinfeng County could achieve a 100% temple reorganization rate. Was the 100% completion rate genuine or not? It’s also the issue that this study wants to clarify. In addition to examining the implementation of temple reorganization in Xinfeng County, this study also make a comparison among Xinfeng County with Hsinchu Prefecture's Zhongli County, which is representative in earlier studies, and Douliu County of Tainan Prefecture, both of which achieved a 100% reorganization rate and are located within Tainan Prefecture. In order to explore the uniqueness of the temple reorganization movement in Xinfeng County, I also hope that it could complete the development of local temples in the former Xinfeng County.