青少年競速滑輪溜冰運動員的投入時間對運動表現之影響：以創造流暢、抑制、轉換及復原力作為中介變項

Abstract

摘要

本研究為探討青少年競速滑輪溜冰運動員的投入時間與運動表現、執行功能及復原力的關係。研究對象為固定且長期接受訓練的青少年競速滑輪溜冰運動員。本研究透過問卷「青少年復原力量表」（Inventory of Adolescent Resilience, IAR）以及執行功能測驗：西蒙轉換作業（Simon Switching Task）與圖形設計作業創造力指標測驗（Figural Design Test, FDT）蒐集資料，並使用SPSS進行描述統計、皮爾森積差相關與中介效果分析。得到結果為： 一、青少年競速滑輪溜冰運動員的投入時間與300公尺短距離表現呈現顯著負相關，即投入時間愈長，短距離表現愈佳；但在1000公尺長距離表現中未達顯著差異。 二、在執行功能方面，投入時間與轉換反應時間呈顯著負相關，與創造流暢性呈顯著正相關，但兩者皆無法有效預測運動表現。抑制反應時間則與300公尺成績呈顯著正相關，表示抑制反應時間愈長，運動表現愈差。復原力總體與投入時間之間未呈顯著相關，僅「問題解決與認知成熟」與300公尺成績呈現顯著負相關。 三、在中介分析中，僅抑制反應時間對投入時間與運動表現之間具有顯著中介效果。轉換反應時間與創造流暢性雖與投入時間顯著相關，但皆無法有效預測運動表現，因此不具中介效果。復原力四個面向亦未具顯著中介作用。最後，本研究結果提供給相關研究人員與教練，在青少年競速滑輪溜冰運動員訓練上的參考，建議未來可進一步探討其他可能影響競速滑輪溜冰運動表現的變項。 關鍵詞：青少年、競速滑輪溜冰、執行功能、復原力、運動表現Abstract This study investigated the relationship between time spent on the track and performance, executive function, and resilience in adolescent speed skaters. The subjects were regular, long-term, and well-trained adolescent speed skaters. Data were collected using the Inventory of Adolescent Resilience (IAR) questionnaire and executive function tests: the Simon Switching Task and the Figural Design Test (FDT). Descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlations, and mediation analysis were conducted using SPSS. The results were as follows:1.Time spent on the track was significantly negatively correlated with performance in the 300-meter sprint, with longer time spent associated with better performance. However, no significant difference was found in performance in the 1000-meter long distance. 2.Regarding executive function, time spent on the track was significantly negatively correlated with switching reaction time and significantly positively correlated with creative fluency, but neither was a significant predictor of performance. Inhibitory reaction time was significantly positively correlated with 300-meter performance, indicating that longer inhibitory reaction time correlated with poorer performance. Overall resilience was not significantly correlated with time invested, with only"problem solving and cognitive maturity" showing a significant negative correlation with 300-meter performance. 3.In the mediation analysis, only inhibitory reaction time significantly mediated the relationship between time invested and performance. While transformation reaction time and creative fluency were significantly correlated with time invested, neither significantly predicted performance and therefore did not mediate. The four dimensions of resilience also did not play a significant mediating role.

Finally, this study's results provide a reference for researchers and coaches in the training of youth speed roller skaters, suggesting that further research on other variables that may influence speed roller skating performance is warranted.

Keywords: adolescents, speed roller skating, executive function, resilience, sports performance