從王船山「乾坤並建」論其「情景交融」之詩學基礎

Abstract

「乾坤並建」與「情景交融」是船山《易》學及詩論的核心內容。船山早於首部著作《周易外傳》即提出由「乾坤並建」所開展的思維模式（兩端一致論），並貫穿此一思想於其所有的學說之中。筆者以為，「情景交融」不僅是肇基於此一模式而建構其詩學宇宙，另一方面，亦由其對「情」「景」內涵之深拓而補充船山「兩端一致論」的細節。此外，船山之學以「人道」為旨歸，「乾坤並建」揭示道德實踐的必然以及價值的無限性，「情景交融」則是由具體詩作的創作與欣賞，經由美感境界之昇華而肯定自然生命的意義。

"Co-establishment of heaven and earth" and "blending of sentiment and scenario" are the core content on the studies of "Yi" and poetry discourse by Chuan-shan. In quite early period, the contemplation model (two extremes in consistency: as unveiled in "co-establishment of heaven and earth" has been put forth Chuan-shan at his first work "Interpretation on Chou-Yi," while his thought had penetrated in all of his studies and doctrine. The author considers that "blending of sentiment and scenario " is not initiated from the model so as to construe the universe of poetry discourse; on the other hand, it has worked to deepen the connotation of "sentiment" and "scenario" and supplement the details of "Two extremes in consistency" of Chuan-shan. Furthermore, the study by Chuan-shan had resorted to "humanitarian" as the foundation of motif, while "co-establishment" indicates the absolute and value infinity of ethical pragmatism. Therefore, "blending of sentiment and scenario" will, through the creation and appreciation of substantial poetic work, be confirmed of the meaning of natural life with the consummation of aesthetic realm.