清代桃園龍潭區域發展研究──以奏摺、古文書契為例

Abstract

本文以奏摺、古文書契為研究史料，探討桃園龍潭在清代的開發過程。以土牛溝劃定前、紫線劃界後至龍潭聖蹟亭的創建為主要時間軸線，逐步討論分析清代桃園龍潭地區的發展情形。 首先，以土牛溝劃定之前的土地發展為主要研究討論對象，分析清乾隆早期位於漢人開發邊界的龍潭地區發展情形，以及該區在民番界址設置上的轉變；其次，透過奏摺等官方文書的整理歸納，討論自乾隆二十五年(1760)土牛紅藍線劃定、增添立石界址後，僅准許熟番在界外以東地區活動、多數土地被官方劃為界外埔地的龍潭地區，但在以霄裡社為主要社域範圍內，仍有不少漢佃進行開墾與協助隘防，藉此分析自土牛線劃定後早期龍潭四個地區的開發，以及乾隆四十八年(1783)林雲事件及其後續的影響，進一步剖析官方對於龍潭區域的界外土地之應變處置與作為，以及紫線的勘定劃界；最後，以古文書契為主要研究史料，探討乾隆五十三年(1788)福康安奏議再定界址至乾隆56年(1791)養贍埔地正式施行後的龍潭各區域的土地發展情形，討論乾隆晚期至光緒年間龍潭地區的平埔族與漢人之間族群互動和墾佃關係、重要信仰以及龍潭地區文風社會的建立。This thesis uses the memorials and ancient document deeds as research historical materials to explore the development process of Taoyuan Longtan in the Qing Dynasty. Discuss and analyze the development of the Longtan area of Taoyuan in the Qing Dynasty, taking the time before the delimitation of Tu-niu Ditch and after the delimitation of the purple line of Tu-Niu Boundary to the establishment of the Longtan Shengji Pavilion. The first main research object is to analyze the land development of the Tu-niu Ditch before it delimitated of the Longtan area, which located on the Tu-Niu Boundary that developed by Han in the early Qianlong period (Qing Dynasty), and then to discover the change in the setting of the Tu-Niu Boundary in this area. Second, through compiling and summarizing these official Memorials and other official documents, to discuss the fact that since the red and blue lines of Tu-Niu Boundary in the 25th year of Qianlong (1760), the boundary of standing stone was added, only plains aborigines was allowed to live in the area east of the boundary, and most of the land was officially designated as Longtan outside the boundary. However, in the main living area of the Sousouly tribe, there are still many Han tenants who are reclaiming and defensing, upon that fact to analyze the development of four areas of Longtan in the early period, and the continuing impact of 48th year of Qianlong (1783) Lin Yun Incident, further more, to analyze the official actions on these areas outside the boundary of Longtan, and delimitation of the purple line of the Boundary. Eventually, the ancient document deeds are used as the main research historical data to discuss the Fuk’anggan memorialized the re-determination of the boundary site in the 53rd year of Qianlong (1788) and the land development in various areas of Longtan after the official implementation of the aborigine military colony in the 56th year of Qianlong (1791), discuss the plains aborigines and Han people ethnic group interactions and land rental rights relations, important beliefs, and the establishment of a culture and education society in the Longtan area from the late Qianlong period to the Guangxu period.