零工經濟

Abstract

在自由勞動市場中企業與勞工之間的非標準僱傭關係‚如兼職工作‚臨時雇用和特約派遣的短期與臨時工作以及獨立承包商‚已成為近年來僱主與勞工爭相拋棄的傳統就業模式。因此本研究的目的是了解全職工作的轉變。勞動市場上對這些非標準工作安排的理解定義不一致，往往措辭不充分以及比較研究的匱乏阻礙了該研究的發展。本研究回顧了有關這些非標準工作安排的新興研究。審查強調多學科性質,該領域的貢獻‚包括各種社會學家‚經濟學家和心理學家的研究。

它還側重於跨國研究‚這是調查宏觀經濟‚政治和制度因素如何影響僱傭關係性質所必需的。目前只保障傳統僱傭關係下的「勞工」‚沒有企業雇主的勞動工作者被隔離在法律的保障之外是「自僱者」不過‚「想做才做」的自由工作者們‚與傳統的就業勞工們應該享受一樣的權利嗎。這是全球必須面對的‚屬於新世代的勞動問題。

In the free labor market, the non-standard employment relationship between the enterprises and workers, such as the part-time jobs, temporary employment and short-term and temporary jobs dispatched with special arrangements, and independent contractors, has become a traditional employment model that the employers and workers have rushed to abandon in recent years. So the purpose of this study is to understand the transformation of full-time jobs.In the labor market, the understanding and definition of these non-standard work arrangements are inconsistent; the inadequate wording and lack of comparative research often hinder the development of this research. This study reviews the emerging research on these non-standard work arrangements. The review emphasizes the multidisciplinary nature, and the contributions in this field, including the research by the various sociologists, economists and psychologists.

It also focuses on the transnational research, which is necessary for investigating how the macro-economic, political and institutional factors affect the nature of the employment relationship. At present, only the"labor" under the traditional employment relationship is protected. The workers who do not have the corporate employers are isolated from the protection of the law. They are "self-employed" but should the freelance workers who "only work when they want to work" enjoy the same rights as the traditional employed workers? This is a labor problem of the new generation that the whole world must face.