性別在網路新聞媒體運動報導之研究-以天津東亞運為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探討性別在網路新聞媒體運動報導之情形，以網路新聞媒體「Et today東森新聞雲」做為主軸，透過內容分析法瞭解網路新聞媒體在天津東亞運報導性別情形，並藉由深度訪談該組織體育組媒體工作者，來瞭解網路新聞媒體工作者在進行運動報導性別時的守門因素。研究結論如下： 一、「最短時間、最新消息」的報導宗旨侷限了網路新聞組織短期賽事的產製過程，媒體工作者在報導上僅能呈現出現有的運動賽會資訊，難以針對內容進行更多著墨，因此，在性別報導的描述上甚少琢磨。 二、網路新聞較少有著性別歧視之情形，並非網路記者們皆擁有高度性別平等的意識形態，而是由於網路媒體的時效性，使記者無暇操弄性別字眼於報導當中，僅能盡快呈現出運動賽事結果，而非性別歧視現象於網路新聞消失殆盡。 三、在高度發展的網際網路中，讀者需要的是最新且最快的消息，這樣的引導下，使網路組織減短審核程序，逐漸賦予網路工作者較高的權力，允許媒體工作者自身撰寫、編輯甚至是直接發送新聞稿件。鑑此，性別差異報導所發生的場域逐漸不在是組織，而在於個人。 經由本研究結果，發現網路正逐漸發展出有別於傳統媒體之特性。本研究建議，網路媒體組織應提供工作者性別平等相關教育課程，讓其擁有正確的性別價值觀，並散播至社會大眾，使媒體運動場域中的報導，達到真正的運動平權。

The purpose of the study aimed to discover the gendered coverage in online media. Online coverage of Tianjin East Asian Games collected from “ET today” was content analyzed, and in-depth interviews with the reporters and editors were conducted to explore gatekeeper theory. The conclusions are exhibited as following: (1)With the uniqueness of online coverage- the fastest and newest, the results demonstrated that the production is relatively constrained. In other words, news can only be revealed what it really is instead of involving other thoughts and “condiments” in the coverage. Thus, online coverage performed less gendered stereotype in the coverage. (2)The less biased in the coverage is not due to the journalists conceiving higher gender equity. Instead, it is the characteristic of online media that limits the process of producing news, so that gendered stereotype is relatively minimized. (3)With the advancement of Internet, reaching the most updated news is the most essential factor for the audience. The strong demand for the online media leads to cut down the process of editing coverage. Put differently, individuals can be endowed more autonomy to construct, edit and even publish the content. Therefore, it can be referred that the demonstration of gender bias can be increasing showed in the individual level instead of organizational level. In line with the results, it is suggested that with the features of online media, gender education course can be delivered the journalists to construct proper value and disseminate fair gender concepts to the audience to make sports field reach gender equality.