臺灣推動運動教練培訓政策之探討

Abstract

本研究旨在探討我國運動教練培訓政策的法制化歷程，以及法制化後的執行情況與潛在問題，並提出具體政策改進建議。隨著社會對運動教練專業素養與制度的重視日益提高，我國政府於2018年依據《國民體育法》頒布《特定體育團體建立運動教練資格檢定及管理辦法》，正式推動運動教練培訓政策法制化。儘管現行制度已進入法制化，惟實務推動層面仍然面臨諸多挑戰，包括養成制度鬆散、證照核發落差及專業進修機制不完善等問題。為深入了解政策執行成效，本研究採質性研究方法，結合文件分析法與焦點團體座談法，聚焦「養成制度」、「證照核發」與「專業進修」三大核心面向。研究發現，在養成制度方面，雖已建立分級資格制度與課程範疇，惟各級別資格訂定及課程設計缺乏彈性，難以符合不同運動種類需求；在證照核發方面，檢定標準未能平衡學科與術科比例，且授證品質參差不齊，影響證照的專業性；在專業進修方面，雖已建立證照效期與進修制度，惟進修課程內容仍缺少實務導向，以及進修機制缺乏彈性，影響運動教練參與意願與進修效果。對此，本研究建議政府應強化政策的彈性與調整機制，提升制度的可行性，並輔導特定體育團體逐步優化培訓課程與檢定內容，以提升證照的公信力。同時，應明確規範進修課程內容與採認標準，整合多元學習形式，逐步擴充進修資源，提供運動教練更為多元進修管道。本研究期望補足運動教練培訓政策法制化後的研究空白，進一步提供具體政策建議，作為政府及特定體育團體推動制度改革之參考依據，期以提升運動教練之專業素養，並促進我國運動產業持續發展。This study aims to examine the legalization process of coach training policies in Taiwan, as well as the implementation outcomes and potential challenges following legalization. With growing societal emphasis on the professionalism and systemic development of sports coaches, the Taiwanese government formally advanced the legalization of coach training policies in 2018 by promulgating the “Regulations on the Establishment of Coach Qualification Certification and Management by Designated Sports Organizations” in accordance with the National Sports Act. Although the current system has achieved legal status, its practical implementation continues to face numerous challenges, including loosely structured training systems, inconsistencies in certification issuance, and an underdeveloped continuing education mechanism. To evaluate the effectiveness of policy implementation, this study adopts a qualitative research approach, combining document analysis and focus group discussions. The research focuses on three core dimensions: the training system, certification issuance, and continuing education. Findings indicate that while a tiered qualification system and course framework have been established, the qualification criteria and course design lack flexibility, making it difficult to accommodate the diverse needs of different sports. In terms of certification issuance, the current standards fail to maintain a balanced emphasis between theoretical and practical competencies, and the quality of certification varies, undermining its professional credibility. Regarding continuing education, although validity periods for certifications and renewal mechanisms have been instituted, the course content lacks practical orientation, and the system lacks flexibility—both of which hinder coaches’ motivation and the effectiveness of professional development. Accordingly, this study recommends that the government enhance policy flexibility and adjustment mechanisms to improve the feasibility of the system. It should also support designated sports organizations in progressively refining training courses and certification standards to enhance the credibility of coaching licenses. Additionally, the government should establish clear guidelines for continuing education content and recognition criteria, integrate diverse learning formats, and expand available resources to provide sports coaches with more comprehensive and accessible professional development opportunities. This study seeks to address the research gap following the legalization of coach training policies and to provide concrete policy recommendations that can serve as a reference for the government and designated sports organizations in promoting institutional reforms, thereby enhancing the professional competencies of sports coaches and advancing the sustainable development of Taiwan’s sports industry.