1950年代美軍在臺音樂生活：以《太平洋星條旗報》的再現為中心

Abstract

過去學者對於臺灣流行音樂史的書寫，較多著墨於日治時期與1970年代之後臺灣本土流行音樂的發展；相較之下，關於西方流行音樂傳入臺灣的軌跡之研究較少，也較少著墨1970年代諸如臺北艾迪亞音樂餐廳等場景出現的脈絡，後者影響了當時年輕人對於美國流行音樂的品味，形塑之後臺灣流行音樂的創作與演出。有鑑於此，本文企圖探討西方流行文化—尤其是影響當代臺灣流行文化最巨的美國流行音樂—究竟是在怎樣的時空背景下來到臺灣？它透過怎樣的途徑進入這個東亞社會，又造成何種影響？本文以美軍發行、在遠東流通的報紙《太平洋星條旗報》（Pacific Stars and Stripes）之媒介再現為研究主體，聚焦探討1950年代美軍在臺灣的音樂文化生活與當時臺灣對美國流行文化的接受。研究範圍以美軍在臺灣生活的食衣住行育樂等情貌開始，並著重在美軍的娛樂活動之中。本文特別關注艾森豪政府於1950年代所提出兩項文化外交相關政策—「文化展示計畫」（Cultural Presentations Program, CPP）以及「民眾外交計畫」（People to People Program, PPP）—之影響。透過爬梳《太平洋星條旗報》上的報導，本文企圖了解美軍在政策推動背後所扮演的角色，及其如何引介美國流行音樂與文化至臺灣。為了蒐集更多事件相關資訊、呈現不同的觀點，本文同時分析臺灣本地《徵信新聞》、《聯合報》、《中央日報》中與美國爵士樂人巡迴演出、勞軍演出相關報導，以了解在地民眾接受這些外來文化的過程。此外，本文訪談戰後來臺定居的歐洲華僑家庭後代，並且分析與在地消費與接受美國文化相關之文藝作品，嘗試從這些故事中，理解臺灣社會接受美國音樂文化的經驗。透過考察1950年代與1960年代美國流行音樂進入臺灣的過程，本研究欲補充既有臺灣流行音樂研究之不足。

The existing scholarship on Taiwanese popular music has centered on the Japanese colonial era or the contemporary era from the 1970s onwards. In contrast, there has been relatively less research on the trajectory of Western popular music entering Taiwan after the Japanese colonial rule. In addition, there has not been much research on the process through which the musical taste of Taiwanese young people in American popular music was established in musical scenes such as the Idea House in Taipei, a taste that influenced subsequent creation and performance of Taiwanese popular music. As the result, this thesis aims to explore how Western popular culture, especially the profoundly influential American popular music that affected contemporary Taiwanese culture, arrived in Taiwan in early postwar era. How did American popular music entered East Asia, and what impacts did it cast? The study examines the media representation in the Pacific Stars and Stripes, a newspaper published by the U.S. Armed Forces and circulated across the Far East, and it focuses on the musical life of the U.S. Armed Forces in Taiwan during the 1950s and local reception of American popular culture. It explored coverages on various aspects of the U.S. Armed Forces in Taiwan, including food, clothing, housing and education, with a particular emphasis on their entertainment activities. Specifically, I pay attention to the impacts of the Eisenhower administration's policies in relation to cultural diplomacy in the 1950s, including the Cultural Presentations Program (CPP) and the People to People (PPP) Program. I analyzed the reports of the Pacific Stars and Stripes to understand the role of the U.S. Armed Forces in policy implementation and how they contributed to the introduction of American popular music and culture to Taiwan. In addition, I analyzed the reports in relation to the jazz music tours of American musicians and their performances for labor forces in local Taiwanese newspapers such as the China Times, United Daily News and Central Daily News, to collect additional information and alternative perspectives. Furthermore, I conducted in-depth interviews with the descendants of European overseas Chinese families who settled in Taiwan in postwar era and textual analysis of literary works in relation to local consumption and reception of American music and culture, through which I attempted to comprehend Taiwan's societal experiences. By examining the media representation of the musical life of American Armed Forces in Taiwan and the local reception of American popular music in the 1950s, this research hopes to contribute to existing scholarship on Taiwanese popular music.