2020東京奧運資格賽女子競技體操平衡木決賽分析

Abstract

目的：分析爭取2020東京奧運會資格賽的女子平衡木決賽選手成套成績、編排內容。方法：以參加2020東京奧運積分賽之七場世界盃、2019世錦賽平衡木決賽選手為研究對象，使用成績分析、影像觀察法分析成套難度分、難度價值、編排要求、連接價值、完成分、最後得分等六項數據，以Excel進行描述性統計、卡方分析，顯著水準設定為α =.05。結果：難度分高標比例以美洲地區為居多，均標及低標則皆以亞洲地區居多；難度價值中，技巧及舞蹈主要集中在D組，技巧以挺身前空翻為主；編排要求中，旋轉的單足立轉1圈、技巧串的後手翻+直體分腿後空翻、兩向技巧之向後類的後手翻為最多人使用；連接價值以「舞蹈&混合」使用居多，並以0.1價值的B+D混合連接為最多人使用，而0.2價值以混合連接的挺身前空翻+原地分腿結環跳為多數人選擇。各洲在完成分及最後得分皆未有顯著差異。結論：美洲地區在難度分上的領先，體現出他們在技術難度編排方面的綜合實力，因此如何合理有效的編排成套，掌握本研究統整之主流編排，也就為思考方向，而高難度分未能確保有最高的完成分與最後得分，若要奪得高分必需以高完成分為前提，進而提升難度分之各環節，只有兩者協併往高難度和高完成分目標前進，在最後得分上才會有優勢，因為最終得分與難度分及完成分始終環環相扣。Purpose: To analyze the score and routine composition of all finalists in the balance beam event for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics qualification series of competitions. Method: The finalists in the balance beam apparatus final for the 7 competitions of World cup series and the 2019 World championships were the subjects of this study. The score and videos of these routines were analyzed such as difficulty score, difficulty value, composition requirement, connection value, score, and final score. Descriptive statistic and the Chi-squared test were performed by the Excel software. The significant level was set at α = .05. Results: There was a significant difference in difficulty score that the American continent possessed a higher score range ratio than any other continent. The Asia continent performed a difficulty score trended in the middle and lower ranking. Regarding the dance and acro skills, most of the gymnasts selected a D value element, especially the front aerial for the acro skill. For the composition requirement, most gymnasts used 1/1turn on one leg for turn, flic flac+layout step-out for acro series, and the back handspring for acro elements in different directions. For the connection bonus, acro mixed with dance was often performed. For the 0.1 value mixed connection value, the B+D combination was the most popular. And for the 0.2 value mixed connection value, the front aerial+split ring jump was selected by most of gymnasts. The execution score and the final score were not noteworthy different. The ratio of higher score range, middle score range and lower score range between the continents was similar. Conclusion: The American continent lead in the difficulty score reflected their comprehensive strength in technical difficulty for the routine composition. Therefore, how to efficiently compose a routine and understand the mainstream element and connection analyzed in the present study should be considered. The higher difficulty score did not guarantee the higher execution score or final score. If a gymnast wants to get a higher final score, it must perform a higher execution score, and then to improve all the components that making up the difficulty score. Only a higher difficulty combined with a higher execution that made the advantage in the final score. The final score was always closely linked to the difficulty score and execution score.