晚明《山海經》圖像在日本的流傳──以《怪奇鳥獸圖卷》與《異國物語》為例

Abstract

日本的《怪奇鳥獸圖卷》與《異國物語》有許多《山海經》的怪奇鳥獸與遠國異人影子，兩書明顯受到晚明建陽日用類書《文林妙錦萬寶全書》中〈諸夷門〉的影響，〈諸夷門〉主要的內容即是《山海經》的異物異人，圖像上有非常近似的元素存在。而《異國物語》的姊妹作《唐物語》，以彩繪本呈現，流露日本的民族畫風，與彩繪的《怪奇鳥獸圖卷》一樣，是《山海經》圖像日本化後的產物。從《怪奇鳥獸圖卷》與《異國物語》兩書，可窺見《山海經》圖像在日本的流傳情況，而其他相關圖像的刊刻，更證明《山海經》在江戶時期普遍受到日本出版者與讀者的青睞。

Japanese “Illustrations of Strange Birds and Beasts” and “Stories of Foreign Countries” mirror strange birds and beasts as well as strange people from faraway countries in “Classic of Mountains and Seas” (a.k.a. “Shan Hai Jing”). These two books obviously were influenced by the daily book “Wen Lin Miao Jin Wan Bao Quan Shu” published by Jian-Yang in the late Ming dynasty, showing very similar elements in their images. “Stories of Tang”, the closely-related work of “Stories of Foreign Countries” is a color print, displaying the style of Japanese folk paintings, which was a product of Japanification, just like the color print of “Illustrations of Strange Birds and Beasts”. These two books show how popular the images of “Classic of Mountains and Seas” were in Japan. In addition, the publication of the other related images further reveals that “Classic of Mountains and Seas” was well liked by both Japanese publishers and readers in the Edo period.