沖繩籍教師與日治前期臺灣公學校教育(1898-1918)

Abstract

本文旨在探討日治前期沖繩縣出身的教師投入公學校教育之背景、發展及其表現，以究明沖繩籍公學校教師之概況和特色。 當時沖繩縣輿論主要關切語言的統一、校內外的聯絡、實業教育等課題，對臺灣的教育並未十分重視，只強調沖繩與臺灣之不同。臺灣輿論討論公學校教師的角色和任務，期許教師應積極吸收新知識及累積經驗，且建議教師應深切瞭解臺灣兒童、家庭及社會舊慣，藉以有效地傳授國語和實學知識。 整體而言，沖繩籍公學校教師占日籍公學校教師比例不高。他們大多出身士族，其中，擔任校長者絕大多數出身沖繩師範，來臺前已有任教經驗且表現相當優異。就沖繩籍公學校教師來臺前學歷觀之，分別畢業於沖繩中學及沖繩師範學校，前者在公學校任職時間較長，且大多表現傑出；後者升遷較快但久任者不多，公學校不過是他們向其他領域發展的墊腳石。This thesis discusses the background, the development, and the performance of the teachers from Okinawa prefecture involved in common school education and attempts to analyze the general conditions and characteristics of common school teachers from Okinawa. In the past, the public opinion of Okinawa was mainly concerned with the issues of unification of the language, contact inside and outside of school, and vocational education. Little attention was given to education in Taiwan, and the emphasis was on the difference between Okinawa and Taiwan. On the other hand, the public opinion of Taiwan involved the discussion of the common school teachers’ role and duty, expecting teachers to absorb new knowledge positively and acquire experience. The teachers were expected to understand Taiwanese pupils, family, and social customs so that they could teach Japanese language and vocational knowledge effectively. Overall, the percentage of teachers from Okinawa among Japanese common school teachers was not high. Most of them were descendants of the samurai, and those who were promoted quickly were mostly from Okinawa Normal School who had teaching experience and showed excellent performance before going to Taiwan. When we compare the academic background of the common school teachers from Okinawa Middle School and Okinawa Normal School, the former served longer at the common school, and their performance was excellent. The latter did not serve long; the common school was only a stepping stone for other vocations.