從對話分析看角色塑造：美國影集《無恥之徒》字幕翻譯

Abstract

影視娛樂產業日益蓬勃，數位化成為了連接海洋及跨越國界的橋樑，文化之間的互動亦隨之增加。翻譯產業在此現象中扮演了極其關鍵的角色，現今翻譯需求量史無前例之高，可見社會及企業相當重視產業背後的經濟潛力。並且因為影視字幕翻譯產業有瑕疵，時間壓縮及品質管理控制不夠嚴謹等，致使翻譯品質參差不齊。本論文以串流平台 Netflix 上播映之美國戲劇影集《無恥之徒》（Shameless）為研究對象並聚焦於劇中主角法蘭克‧加拉格（Frank Gallagher），探討翻譯在戲劇中角色人格呈現上之作用。本論文使用語言學家 Ayaz 提出的對話分析理論包括語篇標記（Discourse markers）、模糊語（Hedges）、權力動態（Power Dynamics）、輪替發言（Turn-taking），結合 Halliday 提出之功能語法 （Systemic Functional Linguistics）之語場（Field）、語式（Mode）及語旨（Tenor）等觀點去分析戲劇文本中文翻譯在表達角色建構時之問題並提出建議。研究結果顯示，該劇翻譯中往往將原文中的粗俗語淡化、省略感嘆詞與重複語句，導致角色動機誤置、情緒層次流失進而破壞原先之角色建構等問題。戲劇型文本翻譯應首先著重保留作品角色建構，再依據劇情語場、語旨以及語式進行翻譯，以最大程度傳遞原作的文化內容，讓譯文接收者能夠更完整了解原作品最真實的樣貌。The audiovisual entertainment industry is rapidly flourishing, with digitalization serving as a bridge that connects people across oceans and nations, thereby intensifying cultural interaction. Within this context, the translation industry plays a crucial role as the current demand for translation has reached an all time high. It shows how the society and the corporations value the economic potential with the aspect. Also, due to certain flaws in the audiovisual subtitle translation industry—such as tight production schedules and insufficient quality control—translation quality tends to vary considerably.. This thesis examines the American television series Shameless, streaming on the Netflix, with a focus on the protagonist Frank Gallagher. It examined the role of translation in representing characterism in dramatic texts. The study applies discourse analysis theories proposed by Ayaz, including discourse markers, hedges, power dynamics, and turn-taking. With the integration of Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics, particularly the concepts of field, tenor, and mode. These ideas are used to analyze how subtitle translations affect characterism in drama and to propose translation strategies accordingly. The results are that the subtitle translations frequently neutralize vulgar expressions, omit interjections and repeated phrases from the original dialogue, leading to wrong motivations, missing emotions, and inaccurate characterism. Translations of dramatic texts should first preserving characterism and adapt to the specific field, tenor, and mode of each scene to better convey the cultural information of the original work so that all audience can fully understand the authentic nature of the source material.