從《三劍客》與《亞瑟王之死》的日中兒童改寫本看情色元素的操縱

Abstract

東方出版社「世界少年文學選集」與光復書局「彩色世界兒童文學全集」在臺灣兒童文學界都佔有重要地位，兩套選集都是從日文本翻譯的世界名著改寫作品，卻都抹去了日文源頭的痕跡。收錄作品中有些原作是非兒童文學作品，含有兒童不宜的元素。本研究以情色元素為主題，研究文本為《三劍客》與《亞瑟王之死》，比對收錄於兩套選集的中日文版對情色元素的操縱。 比對結果顯示偕成版、講談版、東方版將幾乎所有情色元素「淨化」，小學版與光復版則保留較多情色元素與故事細節，但也會刪除或淡化過度情色的部分。改寫本遇到劇情需要必須保留部分情色元素時，傾向貶低女性角色，維護男性角色的正面形象。比對過程中也發現，日文改寫者決定了大多數對於情色元素的操縱，而中文譯者幾乎照單全收。改寫本的出版年代不同，比對結果的差異顯示社會與兒童文學價值觀隨時代演變，對於情色元素的接受度逐漸提高，改寫本能保留的細節也更多。World Literature for Young Readers published by the Eastern Publishing Company and Colored World Literature for Children published by the Kwang Fu Book Company are of great importance to children’s literature in Taiwan. Both sets of works are adaptations of world classics that were translated from a Japanese adaptation of the same story into Chinese, however, these Chinese adaptations removed almost all traces and references to the Japanese source material. Some of the works selected were not originally written for children, as the stories depict elements of inappropriate sex relations between men and women. This thesis examines the sex elements in The Three Musketeers and Le Morte d'Arthur, comparing the manipulation of these sex elements in the Japanese and Chinese versions of the two selected works. The results analyze the “purification” of almost all sex elements in the Kaiseisha version, Kodansha version and Eastern version. The Shogakukan version and Kwang-Fu version retained more sex elements and details, but also removed or toned down the parts with overly sex elements. When the adapted versions retained sex elements, these adaptations often devalued female characters, but preserved the positive images of male characters. The results also investigate the Chinese translators’ adoption of the manipulations to the original work which the Japanese translators had chosento add in the Japanese adaptations. Additionally, because the adapted versions were published in different decades, the differences in these adaptations also highlight the changes in the values of the society and children’s literature throughout time. As the acceptance of sex increased gradually within society, the adapted versions also retained more descriptions and details of these sex elements.