身心動作教育應用於改善大學生憂鬱傾向之研究

Abstract

根據臺灣衛生福利部的統計2020年資料顯示，國人憂鬱症盛行率約占臺灣總人口的8.9%，其中三十歲以下的人數更是在五年間成長率為43.3%。以認知行為理論談論憂鬱的狀態，發現其原因源自於認知-情緒-行為三者的相互影響。在心理學的研究中似乎較少提及行為影響認知與心理的可行性，而身心動作教育是透過動作來檢視自我個體的結構、動作、感受等身心覺察的教育過程，認為每個動作皆有想表示的內容，包括：個人意圖、情緒以及想法。因此本研究目的為： (一) 探討身心動作教育對憂鬱傾向之大學生課程接受程度； (二) 探討身心動作教育對憂鬱傾向之大學生覺察生理感受的影響；(三) 探討身心動作教育對憂鬱傾向之大學生憂鬱症狀的影響； (四) 探討透過身心動作教育產生自我覺察對負面情緒的影響。本研究為混合式設計研究，採便利取樣的方式於國立臺灣大學、國立臺灣師範大學、國立臺北教育大學進行招募，並以年齡介於18~25歲及「董氏憂鬱量表-大專生版」進行初步篩選，篩選出量表结果分數介於36分到51分具有憂鬱傾向之大學生。質性資料以教學省思日誌、課程錄影紀錄、課後回饋單、訪談紀錄表、觀察員紀錄表為主；輔以量化資料董氏憂鬱量表-大專生版、身心覺察能力量表，作為評量、討論。本研究結果主要為： (一) 大學生個案對身心動作教育課程學習良好；(二) 身心動作教育對憂鬱傾向大學生之生理具有正面效果； (三) 身心動作教育對憂鬱傾向之大學生身心健康具有正面的效果； (四) 身心動作教育課程能提高對負面情緒自我覺察。

According to the statistics of Taiwan's Ministry of Health and Welfare in 2020, the prevalence of depression in Taiwan accounts for 8.9% of the total population, and the number of people under the age of 30 has even increased by 43.3% over the past five years. When using cognitive-behavioral theory to discuss the state of depression, it is found that the cause of originates is from the interplay of cognition, emotion and behavior. In psychological research, it seldom mentions the feasibility of behavioral influence on cognition andpsychology. However, Somatic Movement Education is an educational process to examine the structure, movements, feelings, and other physical and mental perceptions of the self through actions. It believes that each action has an intended meaning, including personal intentions, emotions, and thoughts. Therefore, the purposes of this study are: (1) to investigate the acceptance of Somatic Movement Education on the curriculum of college students with depressive tendency; (2) to investigate the effect of Somatic Movement Education on the physiological feelings of college students with depressive tendency; (3) to investigate the effect of Somatic Movement Education on the symptoms of college students with depressive tendency; and (4) to investigate the effect of self-awareness produced by Somatic Movement Education on negative emotions. This study is a mixed-methods research. The recruitment was conducted through convenience sampling at National Taiwan University, National Taiwan Normal University, and National Taipei University of Education, targeting individuals aged 18 to 25 years old. The preliminary screening was based on Tung’s Depression Inventory for College Students, and participants with scores ranging from 36 to 51, indicating a tendency towards depression, were selected. The qualitative data were mainly based on teaching reflection journals, course video records, after-school feedback sheets, interview transcripts, and observer transcripts; and were supplemented by the quantitative data collected from Tung’s Depression Inventory for College Students and the Somatic Awareness Scale, used for evaluation and discussion. The results of this study were: (1) the college students had a good degree of learning in the Somatic Movement Education; (2) the Somatic Movement Education had a positive effect on the physiological condition of the depression-prone university students; (3) Somatic Movement Education had a positive effect on the physical and mental health of the depression-prone university students; (4) Somatic Movement Education program could improve the self-awareness of negative emotions.