前蘋果執行長賈伯斯的創意之路

Abstract

本研究以心理傳記學為研究取向，詮釋前蘋果執行長賈伯斯的創意歷程，並以匯流取向的創造力理論分析賈伯斯創造力的展現。在研究賈伯斯文獻方面，不但檢視賈伯斯主觀敘說的媒體影像資料和文字資料，也深入探討其它作家研究賈伯斯創意、創新能力與心路歷程的書籍，希望可以藉由這些相關文獻描繪出賈伯斯在科技上的創造力、性格的特色與用熱情走過挫折的創業經歷。 以創造力4P理論來看，賈伯斯身處於適合創造且擁有自由風氣的社會環境，他擁有藝術家的偏執、領導者的決策與創新能力，他在創造的歷程中能蒐集市場上所有相關的資料進行模仿，再拓展成自己的新想法，最後創造了iPod、iPhone和iPad等科技產品。以創造力投資理論來看，賈伯斯擁有智能、知識、思考型態、人格特質、動機和環境六項創造力的資源，並能適時發揮自己的天賦、考量創造投資因素，做到買低賣高的創意。 賈伯斯充份展現創造企業價值的能力、創新的決心與多面向的創意歷程，包含科技與人文的結合、對美好生活的想像、科技美學、另類思考和發現才能，最後不但領導蘋果公司成為創新企業的典範，也達到了他個人生涯的高峰。這些都可以作為學校老師、創業人士與創新企業的建議，也可延伸至後續想要研究美國年輕人創業成功的事蹟與台灣早期創業家的案例研究。

The purpose of this study is to interpret the creative progress of Apple’s former CEO Steve Jobs by means of psychobiography, and to analyze his impressive display of creativity by the theory of creativity—confluence approaches. As for the documents about Jobs, both the video data and the related script data that demonstrate subjective opinions of Jobs are carefully surveyed. The books in which other writers narrate the creativity, innovation and life experiences of Steve Jobs are repeatedly studied, hoping to depict his creativity in technology, his characters, and how he passed the frustration with passion. Based on the 4P creativity theory, Jobs grew up in a social environment which was beneficial for creation and full of freedom. Besides, just like many artists, Jobs was paranoid. As a visionary leader, he was good at policy making and had the ability to innovate. He collected all the necessary information from the market and transformed it into his own idea, and eventually created high-tech products such as iPod, iPhone, and iPad. According to the investment theory of creativity, Jobs owned intelligence, knowledge, thinking style, personality, motivation and environment. He not only appropriately used his gift but also considered the investing factors, accomplishing the idea “ Buy Low and Sell High” at last. Steve Jobs fully exhibited his ability to create the value of enterprise, the determination to innovate, and the multi-faceted processes, including the combination of technology and humanity, the imagination of a better life, thinking differently, and searching for talents. Jobs, eventually, led Apple Company to be a perfect example of innovation and reached the peak of his career at the same time. All the extraordinary performance offered the suggestion for school teachers, entrepreneurship, and innovative companies as well as the people who want to research into the American young people who succeeded early in life and the famous entrepreneurs in early Taiwan.