戰後臺灣國際現代主義：臺北中央研究院美國研究中心

Abstract

一棟坐落於臺北市南港區中央研究院的西南角、具現代主義特色簡樸建物，為今日的中央研究院歐美所圖書館。前身係美國研究中心，建物完成於1972年由美籍建築師普西沃．古德曼（Percival Goodman，1904–89）與他來自中國的合作夥伴王秋華（1925–2021）所設計。二次戰後，臺灣政治、經濟與社會的復甦，皆與美國援助相關，學術的重建與發展亦然。為鞏固當時中華民國之國際地位，對美相關的研究需求日益增加。兩位中央研究院院長胡適（1891–1962）及王世杰（1891–1973），積極推動與美國之間的學術合作，後於1972年3月中美人文社會科學合作委員會下設美國研究中心，建物選址於院區內並於同年9月完工啟用。回顧現代主義建築在臺灣的發展，可追溯自日本殖民統治臺灣時期。第二次世界戰後，一群中國建築師中將在歐美習得的西方建築知識與經驗帶入臺灣。這些建築師亦將中國傳統的建築理念融入其在臺灣的作品中。而建築師王秋華曾在中國學習建築外，亦有美國之學術養成背景，她將實踐經驗融入於設計作品當中。其設計品質體現她的專業知識和經驗。本論文透過分析建物的歷史、建築語言、材料選擇和結構配置來研究美國研究中心的發展歷程。旨在追溯建物構件的潛在起源，以及理解建築師如何運用現代主義建築語言來實現設計目標。此外本研究也將試圖確定負責該設計的建築師。鑑於學界通常將執行設計師的角色歸於Percival Goodman與王秋華兩人，有必要調查Goodman是否在設計中擔任主導角色，或王秋華是否獨立設計，尤其考慮到她對當地環境更為熟悉。In the southwest corner of the campus of Academia Sinica in Taipei’s Nangang District, a sober modernist building accommodates nowadays the Library of the Institute of European and American Studies. Once serving as the Center for American Studies, the structure was completed in 1972 according to the design of the American architect Percival Goodman (1904–89) and his partner from China, Wang Chiu-hwa (王秋華; 1925–2021).After World War II, Taiwan’s political, economic, and social recovery was closely tied to the U.S. foreign aid, which also played a crucial role in the country’s academic reconstruction and development. In response to the increasing demand for research related to the United States and to strengthen the country’s international position, two deans of Academia Sinica, Hu Shih (胡適; 1891–1962) and Wang Shih-chieh (王世杰; 1891–1973), actively encouraged academic collaboration with the United States. In March 1972, the Sino-American Cooperation Committee for Humanities and Social Sciences founded the Center for American Studies. By September of that same year, the building was completed and operational.The origins of modernist architecture in Taiwan can be traced back to the era of Japanese colonial rule. After World War II, a group of Chinese architects arrived in Taiwan bringing with them Western architectural knowledge and experiences acquired through studies in Europe and the United States. These architects also integrated traditional Chinese architectural concepts into their practice in Taiwan. Architect Wang Chiu-hwa, who studied architecture in mainland China and possessed an academic background from the United States, incorporated her practical experience into her work. The quality of her designs bear witness to her expertise and experience.This thesis scrutinizes the progression of the Center for American Studies by analyzing its history, architectural language, materials, and structural configurations. The goal is to trace the potential origins of the architectural language and to understand how their architects utilized modernist architectural vocabulary to achieve their design objectives. Additionally, the inquiry will seek to identify the architect responsible for the design. Given that scholarship typically attributes the roles of executing designers to both Percival Goodman and Wang Chiu-hwa, it becomes imperative to investigate whether Goodman assumed a leading role in the design or if Wang independently contributed, especially considering her greater familiarity with the local context.