運動作為思想的實踐：鄭南榕思想的形成、內涵與運用

Abstract

本論文從臺灣思想史出發，聚焦鄭南榕的政治思想，探討其自由主義、民族主義與思想實踐的發展與意涵。研究發現，鄭南榕的自由主義思想深受殷海光啟發，並在自身政治參與中發展出以言論自由為核心，結合反極權、民主社會主義與人道主義的多層次自由主義。他強調言論自由作為基本人權，並以出版實踐與政治行動回應1980年代臺灣的威權統治，提出國會改革、法律修訂及言論自由運動等策略，將學院內的自由主義思想轉化為具有社會動員力的政治實踐。在民族主義層面，鄭南榕融合公民民族主義與文化民族主義，拓展臺灣國家認同的論述空間。作為外省人，他在美麗島事件後反思族群與歷史，強調臺灣文化與歷史的重要性，主張透過言論自由建立民主共同體，打破省籍對立。他所提出的民族主義既著眼於普世價值，也根植於臺灣的歷史與文化記憶，使外省人得以參與臺灣認同的建構，也促使本省人重新思考共同體的邊界與成員。鄭南榕的思想實踐體現在三場關鍵政治運動中。1986年的「519綠色行動」是臺灣首場反戒嚴運動，強調非暴力抗爭與群眾動員，使自由主義理念具體政治化。二二八平反運動則以族群和解與歷史真相為訴求，展現其文化民族主義思維與追求超越族群矛盾的歷史敘事。而「新國家運動」則明確主張以言論自由與國家認同為核心的臺灣獨立，體現其公民民族主義的終極目標。本研究梳理鄭南榕的思想脈絡與政治實踐，揭示其如何將自由主義與民族主義結合，並將自由主義從學院引入街頭，轉化為推動臺灣民主化的重要力量，為理解戰後臺灣思想與政治發展提供新的視角。This thesis, situated within the intellectual history of Taiwan, focuses on the political thought of Cheng Nan-jung(Nylon), examining the development and significance of his liberalism, nationalism, and intellectual praxis. The study finds that Cheng’s liberalism was deeply influenced by Yin Haiguang and further shaped through his own political engagement. He developed a diverse liberalism centered on freedom of speech, integrating anti-authoritarianism, democratic socialism, and humanitarianism. Cheng emphasized freedom of expression as a fundamental human right and responded to the authoritarian rule of 1980s Taiwan through publishing practices and political actions. He advocated for parliamentary reform, legal amendments, and freedom of speech movements, effectively translating academic liberalism into politically mobilizing action.On the level of nationalism, Cheng synthesized civic and cultural nationalism to broaden the discursive space of Taiwanese national identity. As a mainlander (Waishengren), he reflected on ethnicity and history in the aftermath of the Kaohsiung Incident, emphasizing the importance of Taiwanese culture and history. He promoted the idea of a democratic community founded on freedom of speech as a way to transcend ethnic divisions. His vision of nationalism was both rooted in Taiwan’s historical and cultural memory and aligned with universal values, enabling mainlander (Waishengren) to participate in shaping Taiwanese identity while prompting Benshengren to reconsider the boundaries and membership of the national community.Cheng’s political praxis was embodied in three social movements. The 1986 “519 Green Action” was Taiwan’s first anti-martial law demonstration, highlighting nonviolent resistance and mass mobilization, and concretizing liberal ideas into political activism. The 228 Justice Movement focused on ethnic reconciliation and historical truth, reflecting Cheng’s cultural nationalist thinking and his attempt to construct a shared historical narrative beyond ethnic antagonism. The “New Nation Movement” directly advanced his vision of an independent Taiwan grounded in freedom of expression and national identity, marking the culmination of his liberal-nationalist project.This study traces the intellectual context and political practices of Cheng Nan-jung(Nylon), revealing how he combined liberalism and nationalism and brought liberal thought from academia to the streets. His efforts significantly contributed to Taiwan’s democratization and offer a new perspective on the development of political and intellectual history in postwar Taiwan.