高等教育學雜費之公共論述── 以臺灣學生團體為例

Abstract

每年都可以看到學生走上街頭抗議高教學費政策，正因為學生是高等教育學費政策最直接的利害關係人，故本研究選擇以學生團體為研究對象，透過對話機制與學生共同討論，最終提出一套以協助學生接受高品質的高等教育為目標的方案。本研究首先透過文獻分析法來瞭解高等教育學費的相關理論，並探討我國及美國高等教育學費調整現況及其配套措施，最後探討國內反調漲學費的學生團體對高等教育學費所持的「教育公共化」論點及訴求。透過上述的文獻探討擬訂出《如何協助我國學生接受高品質的高等教育》草案，並以此草案與我國反調漲學費的學生團體成員及各大學學生會代表舉行焦點團體訪談，進行草案的討論與修改；最後，輔以個別訪談的方式，以期補充焦點團體訪談之不足。 《如何協助我國學生接受高品質的高等教育》草案內容主要分為前言、我國高教背景、建議等三部分，學生對於「前言」沒有表示意見；對於「我國高教背景」普遍表示贊同；對於「建議」則提出許多意見，經過討論後，總結學生意見如下，並作為草案修改的依據，完成《如何協助我國學生接受高品質的高等教育》方案：1.注意富人避稅的問題；2.公開高教經費的分配公式；3.拉長計畫型補助經費的期程；4.政府不可因大學學雜費收入增加而扣減對其原有的補助；5.學貸申請條件從嚴；6.檢討學貸利息補貼；7.產學合作應優先保障學生權益；8.維持大學經營的獨立自主性；9.藉由非政府組織力量來進行資料整合工作；10.優先實施「建置高等教育資料整合系統」；11.將績優學校招收弱勢學生的比例放進經費補助公式；12.私立學校應建立自己的辦學特色與目標；13.政府應協助績效不佳的私校提升品質或進行整併。

Because students are the major stakeholders of higher education tuition policy, many student groups’ express their objection by protest movements every year in Taiwan. For that reason, this study chooses some representative student groups in Taiwan forfocusing group interviewing and individual interview as my research methods. The goal of this research is to assist more students in having access to high quality higher education by designing an optimal policy complete with of some opinions from major student groups in Taiwan. This study crafts a draft of “How to help Taiwanese students achieving their high quality higher education” policy after reviewing relevant educational theories, the current adjustments in tuition fees for higher education in Taiwan and the U.S., and the claims and arguments against the rise in tuition fees for higher education from those major Taiwanese student groups and some representatives of college student associations who advocate “education publicization” to strengthen the responsibility of government for education. This policy draft consists of introduction, the background and context of higher education in Taiwan, and policy recommendations. This study adopts several suggestions from those major student groups in Taiwan to revise this educational policy draft in the part of policy recommendations, which include: 1. Increase tax burden and pay attention to the problems of tax evasion, especially the rich; 2. Disclose the formula of higher education’s funding distribution; 3. Lengthen the period of project-based grant funding; 4. Can’t deduct the original subsidies to those schools who have presented a significant improvement of quality but increased their tuition fees; 5. Be strict with student loan applications; 6. Review the interest subsidies of student loans; 7. Prioritize the protection of students’ right in industry-university cooperation; 8. Maintain the independence of university operations; 9. Proceed data integration by NGOs; 10. Implement the “building the integration system of higher education data” as a top priority; 11. Add the proportion of disadvantaged students’ enrollment into the subsidy formula of top university; 12. Establish private schools their own characteristics and goals; 13. Help those private schools with unsatisfying performances to improve their qualities or to process their integrations. According to the above comments, the “How to help Taiwanese students achieving their high quality higher education” program is revised.