「家長支持家長」的在地實踐–陪伴障礙幼兒家長的行動研究

Abstract

以家庭為中心的早期療育服務有其瓶頸，家長自助團體也有其困境；在釐清兩者情境之後，發現「家長支持家長」服務方案是可解決問題的策略。「家長支持家長」服務方案是透過配對安排而形成的同儕支持，不僅提供了情緒和資訊方面的支持，也擴展了雙方彼此的社會網絡。本研究是透過協同行動的實踐方式，探討在地化「家長支持家長」服務方案的實施歷程。 在實踐的過程中，歸納以家長為主體的「家長支持家長」在地知識經驗與收穫有六方面：一、家長的配對需要多元考量；二、初步接觸影響後續關係的建立；三、家長形成配對之後，了解需求家長的真正需求是支持的關鍵；四、陪伴能夠發展出一種支持的關係；五、陪伴家長的經驗讓專家意見貼近生活；六、陪伴家長也褜要支持。從行動中所看見的事實，家長支持家長」服務方案確實有助於形成家長支持網絡，解決以家庭為中心的早期療育服務和家長自助團體所遭遇的問題。 我在行動研究歷程中同時扮演多元角色，包括：分享、行動與研究三種角色。我的關係位置也隨著時間而改變，第一階段不確定自己的定位；第二階段成為局內人，設身處地，理解家長的真正需求；第三階段是媒合陪伴家長和需求家長的關鍵人物；第四階段則是提供陪伴家長知識、資源、情緒等支持。接下來，應該逐漸淡化我的角色，讓更多人投入其中，以服務更多的家庭。The “Parent to Parent” program provides emotional and informational support to parents of children with special needs by matching a trained veteran parent in a one-to-one relationship with a parent newly referred the program. The purpose of this study was to explore the process of the “Parent to Parent” services for three families with special needs and examine the results of the services. As the service of "family centered early intervention" was limited and "self-helped parent group" also had its dilemma, this study found that the “Parent to Parent” program was a strategy after understanding the limitation of the other two services. As a result of the collaborative action, it was necessary to consider multiple factors for matching experienced parents and needed parents in the beginning. Next, the first contact would affect the following relationships between experienced parents and needed parents. Understanding the actual needs of needed parents was the key for experienced parents to give a support. Then, a peer support relationship was built. Experienced parents and needed parents trusted each other and engaged in activities. The “Parent to Parent” program could be classified as an informal support which could be more efficient in the reduction of stress than professional or formal one as the informal support offered support that was more practical in natural. Also, both of experienced and needed parents were empowered. They made their own decisions and controlled their daily lives. At last, experienced parents need supports, too. During this action process, my role was multiple and the relationship with other participants changed over time. In order to serve more families, it is critical to involve more participants in this practice and dilute my influence in the future.