日本國民童話「桃太郎」在殖民地臺灣的傳播

Abstract

本研究的起因是我第一次到臺灣的時候，碰到一位臺灣老人，她會說日文，因此本研究透過分析日治時期公學校國語教科書的童話「桃太郎」，藉以探討日本殖民政府的教育政策，以及日本教育對臺灣人的影響。 首先比較戰前日本的國語教科書和臺灣的國語教科書。分析在兩種國語教科書中出現的童話為何，並比較在日本民間故事和日本教科書中童話之差異點。 其次，爬梳日本國語教科書和臺灣教科書中的桃太郎故事。分析教科書所賦與桃太郎的意義。 最後，調查教科書以外的如報章雜誌及學校中學藝會、演講等使用桃太郎故事的情形，以分析桃太郎故事的擴散。此外，分別對8位受過日本教育的臺灣人訪談，分析他們對桃太郎故事的印象。 本研究認為，在日本五大童話中，桃太郎是具有日本特色，而且最容易操作的童話。日本殖民地時期，日本的教育關係者透過學校教育及各種管道，將帶有日本國民色彩的童話──桃太郎普及於殖民地臺灣，藉以教化臺灣兒童。

The motivation of this study is related to the experience when I was visiting Taiwan. During my first time in Taiwan, I met an elder Taiwanese who can speak Japanese. Therefore this research would analyze the folktale ”Momotaro” in Japanese textbook in the public schools during the Japanese controlling time. First of all, comparing the Japanese Textbooks which had been used in Japan and Taiwan during World War Two, analyzing what kind of the fairy tales were selected and comparing the differences between. Second marshal the Momotaro story both in the Japanese Textbooks in Japan and Taiwan. And analyzing the meaning of Momotaro in the textbook. Last, investigated the usage of Momotaro story except for Textbook such as newspapers, magazines, school art lectures and speeches to analyze the spread of Momotaro stories. In addition, interviewed 8 Japanese educated Taiwanese people and analyzed their impressions of the Momotaro story. This research consider that Momotaro is a fairy tale with Japanese characteristics and the easiest to operate in Japan's five major fairy tales. During the Japanese colonial period in Taiwan, Japanese related educators used the school education and various channels to popularize the popular Japanese nationality through fairy tale Momotaro, to educate the Taiwanese children in the colonial Taiwan by it.