高速公路尖離峰差別定價策略對日常旅運行為之影響
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2018
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國道高速公路的收費，從過去採用主線柵欄式計次收費系統，到民國102年12月30日零點起全面實施計程收費，成為全球第一個實施全面計程收費的國家。此一收費制度實現了使用者公平付費之原則，並有效提升國道運輸效率，且達成節能減碳之效果等目標。預計在計程收費制度實施趨於穩定後，政府當局可以加以利用尖離峰差別定價策略以紓解交通擁擠情況。
本研究運用敘述性偏好法設計問卷，並進行運輸需求分析與預測，分別依平常日雍塞區段進行調查，瞭解平常日用路人之行為特性與偏好。本研究歸納的三項替選方案，分別如下: (a) 改駛離峰減價時段方案，(b) 改駛無差別定價時段方案，(c) 改駛替代道路方案，以做為用路人是否於留駛尖峰情境中的評估依據。再者，用路人考量旅次行為中的一般化旅行成本因素(主要是旅行時間與成本，包括通行費)，決定其旅次效用最大的替選方案；本研究進一步透過平常日用路人對於尖離峰差別定價行為意向建構多項羅吉特模式。由多項羅吉特模式校估結果發現，旅行時間、旅行成本、旅次目的、年齡、所得等顯著影響用路人的選擇機率；此外，本研究亦模擬平常日實施不同尖離峰差別定價策略之總體移轉機率與彈性。最後，根據分析結果提出相關建議，做為未來政府於實施尖離峰差別定價的參考依據。
Using the mainline fence toll collection system in the past, National Freeway started a full implementation of mileage-base scheme electronic toll collection (MB-ETC) on December 30th, 2014. On the same time Taiwan become the first country in the world to implement a comprehensive MB-ETC. The toll collection system fulfilled the equity principle of “User Charge”, effectively improved the traffic efficiency of national road, and achieved the goal of carbon reduction. It is expected that after the implementation of the MB-ETC system is stabilized, the Administration can take the advantage of price discrimination strategy in peak& off-peak period to alleviate the traffic congestion. In this study, the stated preference method was imposed to design the questionnaire, and the transportation demand analysis and forecast were implemented to understand the behavioral characteristics and preferences of weekday road user. The study sets the three alternatives as follows: (a) the alternative of switching to off-peak periods of price reduction, (b) the alternative of switching to the non-price-discrimination periods, (c) the alternative of switching to the alternate road. The above alternatives are the evaluation base, which decide to still drive on freeway or not by the road user. Furthermore, the road user consider the general travel cost of travel behavior, which includes the travel time and cost, and the toll fees, to select the maximum utility alternative. Based on the survey of weekday road user’s behavior intention of price discrimination strategy in peak& off-peak period, the study constructed the multinomial logit model., The results of calibration of multinomial logit model show that travel time, travel costs, trip purpose, age, and income significantly affect the road user choice probability. In addition, the study also simulate the aggregate switching probabilities and choice elasticity of the different price discrimination strategies of peak & off-peak period on the weekday. Finally, based on the analysis results the study proposed some suggestions as the reference of implementing a price discrimination of peak& off-peak period for government in the future..
Using the mainline fence toll collection system in the past, National Freeway started a full implementation of mileage-base scheme electronic toll collection (MB-ETC) on December 30th, 2014. On the same time Taiwan become the first country in the world to implement a comprehensive MB-ETC. The toll collection system fulfilled the equity principle of “User Charge”, effectively improved the traffic efficiency of national road, and achieved the goal of carbon reduction. It is expected that after the implementation of the MB-ETC system is stabilized, the Administration can take the advantage of price discrimination strategy in peak& off-peak period to alleviate the traffic congestion. In this study, the stated preference method was imposed to design the questionnaire, and the transportation demand analysis and forecast were implemented to understand the behavioral characteristics and preferences of weekday road user. The study sets the three alternatives as follows: (a) the alternative of switching to off-peak periods of price reduction, (b) the alternative of switching to the non-price-discrimination periods, (c) the alternative of switching to the alternate road. The above alternatives are the evaluation base, which decide to still drive on freeway or not by the road user. Furthermore, the road user consider the general travel cost of travel behavior, which includes the travel time and cost, and the toll fees, to select the maximum utility alternative. Based on the survey of weekday road user’s behavior intention of price discrimination strategy in peak& off-peak period, the study constructed the multinomial logit model., The results of calibration of multinomial logit model show that travel time, travel costs, trip purpose, age, and income significantly affect the road user choice probability. In addition, the study also simulate the aggregate switching probabilities and choice elasticity of the different price discrimination strategies of peak & off-peak period on the weekday. Finally, based on the analysis results the study proposed some suggestions as the reference of implementing a price discrimination of peak& off-peak period for government in the future..
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計程電子收費, 尖離峰差別定價, 敘述性偏好, 羅吉特模式, Mileage-base scheme electronic toll collection, State preference, Price discrimination of peak& off-peak period, Logit model