臺灣地區展足蛾科之分類學研究及生活史探討

Abstract

展足蛾科(Stathmopodidae)之成員由於停棲時後足向上舉起，且幾乎與身體垂直，而得名。該科係由英國昆蟲學家Meyrick於1913年建立，其後澳洲昆蟲學家Nielsen等人認為該科成員部分形態特徵和織蛾科(Oecophoridae)相似，於1996年將其處理為織蛾科下的亞科。近來芬蘭昆蟲學家Kaila等人基於分子生物學及形態學證據合併分析後，認為展足蛾科仍應為一獨立的科。由於展足蛾體型微小，相關研究多停留在科級以上處理，種級研究則頗為缺乏。臺灣地區的本科成員目前資料不多，臺灣物種名錄中目前登錄展足蛾15屬26種，然而依照近期鱗翅目系統分類學研究的結果，其中許多屬已經被從該科移出。俄羅斯昆蟲學家Sinev於2015年發表之全世界展足蛾科成員名錄，並依照本科之鑑別特徵檢查後，判斷臺灣物種名錄上已紀錄之展足蛾科之種類應為5屬15種。本研究藉由標本檢視及田野調查等方法釐清臺灣地區展足蛾科成員的分類問題。經本研究野外採集、標本檢視以及與原始文獻進行比對後，已整理、判斷目前臺灣地區已知展足蛾科9屬56種，其中部分種類，形態及交尾器特徵和已知種類有所差異，是否為新種將於後續研究中加以探討。此外，在本研究中亦已發現臺灣地區22種展足蛾之生活史，包含20種取食蕨類孢子，及2種取食被子植物果實，其中15種為其他地區生活史未知之新紀錄。The studies on taxonomy and life history of Stathmopodidae from Taiwan were scanty in the past. I conducted aninvestigation to these micro-moths by integrating the information from related references and investigated the biological resource of Stathmopodidae from Taiwan. Moreover, I also examined the wing morphology, hind leg’s morphology and genitalia of the specimens collected during the field work. On the research about life history, the immature stages of stathmopodids were surveyed by reviewing relevant references and exploring plants the larvae potentially used as hosts. After two years of investigation, 56 species in 9 genera of stathmopodid moths were recognized. Some species’ morphology and genitalia were different from known species. The taxonomy of these unknown species will be investigated in the future. In terms of life history, immatures and host association of 22 stathmopodid species were recorded in this study, including 20 species consuming the spores of fern and 2 species consuming the fruits of angiosperms. Twelve species of them are previously unknown for their immature biology.