左派政黨意識形態對空汙之影響

Abstract

隨著全球化的趨勢與經濟的增長，環境議題越來越被社會所重視，而環境資源由於社會大眾皆能使用，容易造成環境資源過度的消耗，因此需要政府制定相關策略來保護環境，故政府決策對環境資源的消耗與污染有著重大的影響。然而政府中的各執政黨又能分為兩個區塊，分別為左與右，而左與右都有各自偏好的執政手段與黨性目標。本研究主要以OECD二十個國家為研究對象，以1994年至2015年硫氧化合物的排放量作為衡量空氣環境績效的指標。模型將考量先前空氣汙染之累積，除了從國家執政黨意識形態的政府組成面向切入，並同時納入國家體制面如民主程度與貪腐對於環境污染的影響，隨後我們使用動態追蹤模型系統GMM方法，其實證結果發現，前期硫氧化合物與前兩期硫氧化合物皆對當期之硫氧化合物有明顯影響，而左派政黨的內閣席次占比對於空氣汙染有負面的顯著影響，新左派政黨立法機構對於空氣汙染則有正面的顯著影響，民主與貪腐對環境有著負面的效果但無顯著影響。最後我們更發現了當國際發布具有法律效力之空氣汙染規範，會促使各國政府更關注環境保護之結果。With the trend of globalization and economic growth, environmental issues are more valued by society.Environmental resources can be used by the public, which is easy to cause excessive consumption of environmental resources. Therefore, the government needs to formulate relevant policies to protect the environment. Such policies have significant impacts on the consumption and pollution of environmental resources. However, each ruling party in the government can be divided into either the left or right wing, and the left and right have their own preferred governance methods and party goals. This study mainly takes 20 OECD countries as research objects, and uses sulfur oxides emissions from 1994 to 2015 as indicators to measure air environmental performance. The model tries to understand how the accumulation of previous air pollution , the ideology of the country’s ruling party, and the government formation affect the air pollution, we also inculde the national institutional aspects such as the degree of democracy and the impact of corruption on environmental pollution in the model . The dynamic tracking model system GMM method is applied, and the empirical results find that the previous sulfur oxides compounds have a significant impact on the current sulfur and oxides compounds, and the proportion of cabinet seats of the left party has a negative and significant impact on air pollution, and the new left party’s legislature has a positive and significant impact on air pollution. Democracy and corruption has a negative impact on the environment but it is not significant statistically. Finally, we find that when enforceable air pollution regulations are promulgated intentionally, countries pay more attention to environmental protection.