探討不同專項運動選手跑步型態
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2022
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Abstract
在成長過程中，跑步為日常生活中時常使用到的一項基礎能力。對於各種不同專項而言，就算沒有實質上跑步的訓練，但體能訓練時往往都會以跑步的形式進行，除了田徑短跑運動員外，鮮少專長運動針對跑步型態進行要求。許多技擊類型項目，要求許多專項技能外，也會透過跑步的方式進行體能，亦或是有氧訓練，但針對跑步型態並沒有實際的要求。目的：探討短跑運動員與跆拳道運動員跑步時肢段間協調型態是否會有差異。方法：招募短跑運動員及跆拳道運動員各十二位，在跑步機上 20 km/hr 速度跑步，以二維攝影，並透過 Simi Motion 標記左腿二維座標，計算著地步幅及每步時間、以角角圖及相對相位量化肢段間協
調型態，檢驗 2 專長在左腳著地期、騰空期、右腳著地期、第二騰空期表現之
差異。結果：2 專長在每步時間達顯著差異；而在各期各關節最大值與最小值中，
田徑多顯著大於跆拳道；在髖膝及膝踝各期相對相位平均數中皆是田徑顯著大於
跆拳道。從角角圖型態中反映出在膝踝第三期至第四期結束時膝關節持續改變時，
踝關節的變化是最大的。結論：不同專項運動員會因為跑步機的限制以及專項訓
練中產生的跑步效率而有相同著地步幅及不同每步時間的表現；透過兩種協調檢
驗的方式，發現在膝踝關節間第三期至第四期專長間有明顯差異，而這差異來自
於兩組運動員踝關節背屈及伸展的影響。
Running is a basic skill performed in daily life for everyone growing up. In sport training programs, running has often been used to improve athletes’fitness.However, the patterns of running are rarely demanded in the training program except for the sprinters in track and field. Athletes of combat sports often engage in physical conditioning through running, but they usually don’t pay attention to their running gait patterns. Purpose: to examine the differences in running gait patterns between sprinters and taekwondo players. Methods: Twelve sprinters and twelve taekwondo players were recruited as participants. They ran on the treadmill at a speed of 20 km/hr and videotaped with a highspeed camera. The Simi Motion analysis system was used to digitize the 2D markers on the left leg. Each participant’s foot contact length and the stride duration were calculated. The angle-angle diagrams and the relative phase were used to analyze the coordination patterns of the running gait. The running gait cycle was divided into 4 phases: the left foot landing phase, flight phase, right foot landing phase, and the second flight phase. Results: The sprinters’ stride durations were significant longer than those of the taekwondo players. The sprinters’ joint angles were significantly greater than those of the taekwondo players for most of the running phases. The mean relative phase of hip-knee and knee-ankle couplings of the sprinters were significantly larger than those of taekwondo players for most of the phases. The angle-angle diagrams of the knee-ankle showed the biggest difference between the sprinters and the Taekwondo players at the ankle joint when the knee joint continued to increase from the 3rd to the 4th phase. Conclusions: The similarity in foot contact length and the difference in stride duration between sprinters and taekwondo players indicates the influence of treadmill and the running efficiency of the sprinters. In addition, the difference in the knee-ankle coordination between sprinter and taekwondo players reflect the difference in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the ankle joint.
Running is a basic skill performed in daily life for everyone growing up. In sport training programs, running has often been used to improve athletes’fitness.However, the patterns of running are rarely demanded in the training program except for the sprinters in track and field. Athletes of combat sports often engage in physical conditioning through running, but they usually don’t pay attention to their running gait patterns. Purpose: to examine the differences in running gait patterns between sprinters and taekwondo players. Methods: Twelve sprinters and twelve taekwondo players were recruited as participants. They ran on the treadmill at a speed of 20 km/hr and videotaped with a highspeed camera. The Simi Motion analysis system was used to digitize the 2D markers on the left leg. Each participant’s foot contact length and the stride duration were calculated. The angle-angle diagrams and the relative phase were used to analyze the coordination patterns of the running gait. The running gait cycle was divided into 4 phases: the left foot landing phase, flight phase, right foot landing phase, and the second flight phase. Results: The sprinters’ stride durations were significant longer than those of the taekwondo players. The sprinters’ joint angles were significantly greater than those of the taekwondo players for most of the running phases. The mean relative phase of hip-knee and knee-ankle couplings of the sprinters were significantly larger than those of taekwondo players for most of the phases. The angle-angle diagrams of the knee-ankle showed the biggest difference between the sprinters and the Taekwondo players at the ankle joint when the knee joint continued to increase from the 3rd to the 4th phase. Conclusions: The similarity in foot contact length and the difference in stride duration between sprinters and taekwondo players indicates the influence of treadmill and the running efficiency of the sprinters. In addition, the difference in the knee-ankle coordination between sprinter and taekwondo players reflect the difference in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the ankle joint.
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Keywords
相對相位, 角角圖, 量化協調型態, Relative phase, Angle-angle diagram, Quantification of coordination pattern