臺灣巨波眼蝶亞種間之系統分類問題探討

Abstract

臺灣的蛺蝶科(Nymphalidae)內截至目前已記錄13個波眼蝶屬(Ypthima)物種(Hsu et al., 2021)，其中巨波眼蝶(Ypthima praenubila)為體型最大且唯一一年一代(Univoltine in occurrence)的物種。本種過去被依體型大小分為臺灣北部亞種ssp. kanonis以及臺灣中南部亞種ssp. neobilia，然而除體型外，兩者間的生活史、成蟲翅紋差異與分子生物學等相關證據尚未被進一步探討比較。本研究分別以野外捕獲雌蝶進行人工採卵飼育、檢視不同地區成蟲之形態、利用Natsumushi軟體(Tanahashi&Fukatsu, 2018)進行翅紋形態分析以及檢視不同地區族群間粒線體DNAcox1片段是否存在不同結構組成，以探討兩亞種現行之分類處理是否適當。結果顯示兩亞種間在生活史、成蟲形態與分子生物學特徵上皆呈現高度相似，並未有明顯差異，因此ssp. neobilia應處理為ssp. kanonis之同物異名。此外本研究亦比對了ssp. kanonis和ssp. praenubila間粒線體DNA之親緣關係差異，結果顯示臺灣之巨波眼蝶應可視為一獨立物種。Thirteen Ypthima species have been recorded in the Nymphalidae family in Taiwan (Hsu et al., 2021), of which Ypthima praenubila is the largest and the only species with univoltine in occurrence . In the past, this species was classified according to body size as ssp. kanonis in northern Taiwan, and ssp. neobilia in central to southern Taiwan. However, apart from body size, evidence related to life history, wing pattern characteristics, and molecular sequences between the two subspecies has not been further explored and compared. In this study, female adults were captured from various places in the wild for artificial egg collection, and the morphological characteristics of aduls in different regions were examined. In addition, I also analyzed whether the characteristics of mitochondrial DNA cox1 fragments in different populations have different structural composition trends. The results show that the life history, adult morphology and molecular biological characteristics of the two subspecies are highly similar, with no obvious differences. Finally, I also preliminarily compared the genetic differences between the subspecies in Taiwan and the nominate subspecies ssp. praenubila in China. And based on the genetic differences in mitochondrial DNA between the two, the results show that the Y. praenubila population in Taiwan should be regarded as an independent species.