六週慣性式阻力訓練對競技體操選手下肢運動能力表現之影響

Abstract

摘要 目的：探討六週不同強度慣性式阻力訓練對競技體操選手下肢運動能力表現之影響。方法：招募28名體操運動員為本研究實驗對象，在實驗開始之前會進行前測，流程為最大肌力 (1RM背蹲舉)、爆發力 (下蹲跳)、速度 (30公尺衝刺)、敏捷 (折返跑) 以及平衡能力 (單腳平衡)，前測結束後再隨機分配為低慣量組 (0.001 kg·m2)、中慣量組 (0.025 kg·m2)、中高慣量組 (0.05 kg·m2)、高慣量組 (0.075 kg·m2)。各組每週訓練2次，每組8下，共4組，組間休息2分鐘，共為期六週。各組經訓練後，進行相同測驗和資料收集，並使用混合設計二因子變異數統計分析來進行比較。結果：最大肌力表現，中高和高慣量組均有顯著優於前測之情形，並皆顯著優於低慣量組。爆發力表現，中高慣量組均在起跳力量、最大高度、發力率上顯著優於前測；高慣量組僅在最大高度顯著優於前測。速度表現，在10-30公尺加速爆發力上，中高和高慣量組顯著優於前測。敏捷表現上，中高慣量組有顯著優於前測。平衡表現上，開眼單腳平衡-前後軸高慣量顯著優於前測；閉眼單腳平衡-前後軸及左右軸，低和高慣量顯著優於前測。結論：六週中高強度 (0.05 kg·m2) 之慣性式阻力訓練能有效提升體操選手下肢最大肌力、爆發力、速度和敏捷表現，以及高強度 (0.075 kg·m2) 之慣性式阻力訓練能有效提升體操選手下肢最大肌力和爆發力表現。Summary Objective: To investigate the effect of six-week inertial resistance training of different intensities on the lower limb fitness performance of artistic gymnasts. Methods: 28 gymnasts were recruited as the experimental subjects of this study. Before the start of the experiment, a pre-test was conducted. The process was as follows: maximum muscle strength (1RM back squat), explosive power (squat jump), speed (30-meter sprint), Agility (running back and forth) and balance ability (balancing on one foot) were randomly assigned to the low inertia group (0.001 kg·m2), the medium inertia group (0.025 kg·m2), and the medium-high inertia group (0.05 kg·m2) after the pre-test. ), high inertia group (0.075 kg m2). Each group trained 2 times a week, 8 reps per group, 4 groups in total, 2 minutes rest between groups, for a total of six weeks. After training, the groups underwent the same testing and data collection, and were compared using a mixed design two-way statistical analysis of variance. Results: The maximal muscle strength performance of the middle-high and high-inertia groups was significantly better than that of the pre-test, and both were significantly better than those of the low-inertia group. In the performance of explosive force, the high-inertia group was significantly better than the pre-test in terms of take-off strength, take-off height, and force rate; the high-inertia group was only significantly better than the pre-test in the take-off height. In terms of speed performance, the medium-high and high-inertia groups are significantly better than the pre-test in terms of 10-30 meters acceleration explosive force. Agile performance. In terms of agility performance, the middle-high inertia group was significantly better than the pre-test. In terms of balance performance, eye-opening single-leg balance - high inertia of the front and rear axis is significantly better than the previous test; eye-closed single-leg balance - front and rear axis and left and right axis, low and high inertia are significantly better than the previous test. Conclusion: Six-week high-intensity (0.05 kg·m2) inertial resistance training can effectively improve gymnasts' lower limb maximal muscle strength, explosiveness, speed and agility performance, and high-intensity (0.075 kg·m2) inertial resistance training can effectively improve the performance of gymnasts. Improve the maximal muscle strength and explosive performance of the lower limbs of gymnasts.