1930年代前後在臺日本媒體人之媒體策略－以宮川次郎與《台灣實業界》雜誌為中心

Abstract

（摘要） 宮川次郎（1887年－不明），出生於福島，是日治時期臺灣知名的媒體人，1907年來臺，長期居留臺灣，參與各種媒體活動，創辦許多種雜誌。他與臺灣總督府的關係密切，但也會在自己的雜誌中批判總督府政策；與日、臺籍民間人士也有密切的往來。本論文以宮川次郎及其創辦的《臺灣實業界》雜誌為中心，探討1930年代在臺日本媒體人的媒體策略，結論如下。 第一，從宮川次郎這樣一個界於官、民之間的媒體人可以看到的歷史面貌。日治時期在臺灣的民間日本人，未必能等同於「統治者」，他們生活在臺灣總督府多方干涉以及臺灣人實業界的強力競爭之中，不一定能享有統治者的優勢。 第二，《臺灣實業界》這樣的媒體在殖民地社會的角色。它所處的政治環境、媒體環境，使它不得不打出自己的媒體策略，其中一個最重要的就是向日本母國發聲。一方面直接在日本本國設置通信社，另一方面，在臺灣發行的《臺灣實業界》中，許多內容也是在向母國人士發聲，例如批評矢內原忠雄的文章，很明顯地是為了內地讀者而寫的。它也很敏銳地遊走於臺灣總督府的管制政策之下，不直接對抗總督府的媒體政策，而得以長時期存在於殖民地臺灣。 第三，作為媒體的《臺灣實業界》，其媒體策略的特色。傳統的媒體觀，就是將媒體視為教育、指導社會、傳達訊息的角色，《臺灣實業界》自然也扮演這樣的角色。然而，同時，媒體也正是社會輿論形成的場域。宮川次郎很清楚地意識到這一點，致力於建構《臺灣實業界》的「公共性」。因此，他主辦很多座談會，透過座談會建立起與官方的溝通渠道，同時也建立起與日、臺有力人士的人脈，利用座談會公開、公共的特性，透過刊載座談會的內容，來展現自己媒體的公共性。Abstract The governor-general period of Taiwan society during the Taisho Era undoubtedly begun as rules in Japan became looser, and was influenced by leftist thinking same as in Japan. However, Taiwan society was not only affected by political trends in Japan, but also by national self-determination trend that affected the entire world after WWI began. This thinking stimulated Taiwanese people’s national consciousness, and organizations such as Taiwanese Cultural Association, Farmer’s Union, unions, and the Taiwan People’s Party were gradually formed. The Taiwan Parliament also set up petitions. The Japanese ruled Taiwan according to law, and many Taiwanese intellectuals who learned Japanese rules used legal procedures to advocate their own rights. The political movements at the time had a background in national self-determination concept. Thus, conflicts with police became more intense. Although it was like this in Taiwan, the geographical location of Taiwan dictated that Taiwan must industrialize. All those who lived in Taiwan, regardless of whether they were Japanese or Taiwanese, must move towards a new industrialized society. During this period, Miyagawa Jiro, a Japanese media person in Taiwan, established the Taiwan Industries magazine. Although he was a media person, he had always studied Taiwan industries, and an expert who had studied the sugar manufacturing industry. Jiro had managed the Sugar Industry magazine for at least 14 years at that point (and will manage the magazine for at least 30 years in total), and used his experience to establish the social connections used to establish Taiwan Industries. Before Miyagawa entered the media world, he worked at the Governor’s Mansion in the Colony Production Bureau’s Agricultural Department. Thus, he had many connections in the Governor’s Mansion, which means that he had both official and civil social connections. Miyagawa advocated that residents in Taiwan must coordinate to build a harmonious society. Therefore, he organized at least 90 workshops to promote mutual understand. Miyagawa was good at using his identity as a civilian media person to engage in a survival game. When we analyzed the discussion content in the workshops, we can see Miyagawa’s media strategy and the situation in Taiwan at the time. These workshops showed us social and living aspects, such as perspective of media persons in Taiwan, the relationship between Japanese and Taiwanese, and Taiwan’s commercial environment, that official information and newspapers do not mention. Through the stories of Miyagawa Jiro and Taiwan Industries, we can determine Miyagawa’s Taiwan perspective in the 1930s. This was the difference between the harmonious society sought by Miyagawa and the realistic society.