臺灣媒體中的「印尼」形象及其變遷(1950-2016)：以《聯合報》為例

Abstract

本研究認為台灣的社會脈動與印尼有著很大的關係，欲以媒體作為研究途徑，探討台灣媒體中印尼作為他者之形象。本文以《聯合報》為例，分析《聯合報》自1950年代至2016年「印尼」形象之建構，並以十年為一階段，找出各階段分類主題最多的兩者，探討此66年間台灣媒體《聯合報》建構之「印尼」形象，提出其形象之變遷與分析。 「他者」往往沒有詮釋自己的權力，本文以東方主義作為方法，以邱德亮（2010）提出的東方的缺席、本質化的東方、東方與西方的二元區分作為研究框架，探討他者形象建構之機制。 研究發現《聯合報》的印尼形象1950年代由「華僑」與「政治」包裝，1960年代以「國際關係」與「政治」呈現，1970年代以及1980年代分類主題最多的前兩者相同，是為「國際關係」和「經濟」。1990年代印尼形象以「政治」與「國際關係」呈現，2000年至2016年印尼形象則包裝在「新住民」和「移工」話語中。在《聯合報》中我國從積極反共抗匪，轉變為冷靜看待兩岸關係、推動務實外交之形象；接著再從排斥給我國社會製造問題的他者，到漸漸接納他者而繪製出台灣多元文化社會之景象。The aim of this thesis is to analyze the image of Indonesia in Taiwan, and its historical development from the 1950s to 2014 as it has been presented by the United Daily News publication. This research will be divided by decade, and aims to deduce two primary themes associated with Indonesia in each decade of the analysis. Then the research will proceed with a discussion of the image of "Indonesia" as it was constructed by the Taiwanese media outlet United Daily News over the course of the past 66 years. This research will discern and articulate how that image has changed over time. This study applies the content analysis method, while also referencing Orientalism as a premise for critical analysis. The research framework proceeds from recognition of the three most foundational elements of the Orientalism concept, as proposed by Qiu De-Liang (2010); "absence of the East," "essential East," and "the dualistic distinction between the East and the West." From the Orientalist perspective this research will explore the (cultural/social) mechanism of image building of "the Other." This study found that the most common themes associated with Indonesia in United Daily News reports of the 1950s were; "overseas Chinese" and "Politics;" in the 1960s they were "International relations" and "Politics;" and in the 1970s and 1980s they were "International Relations" and "Economy." In the 1990s, the image of Indonesia was most closely associated with the terms "Political" and "International." From 2000 to 2016, the terms "New Residents" and "Migrant workers" were most common in United Daily News reports on Indonesia. The research results reveal that the image of Indonesia in United Daily News reports has transformed as Taiwan's position in international affairs has shifted over the last 60 plus years. An attitude expressed by active anti-communist discourse has shifted to more calm assessment, as the political situation on both sides of the Taiwan Strait has shifted from aggressive tones, to voices urging pragmatic diplomacy. Further, the pluralistic culture of Taiwan which has grown over the decades can be witnessed in the research results, as reports have shifted from harsh rejections of “others” who create social problems in the country, to a gradually more accepting outlook towards the “others” in Taiwanese society.