想像、回歸與現實－韓國華僑詩人初安民 作品中的祖國想像與文化認同之探討

Abstract

對許多早年移居韓國的華僑而言，他們大多將在臺灣的中華民國想像為他們的祖國。這種祖國想像，肇因於兩個事實。其一是，在第二次世界大戰後，韓國政府因為東亞冷戰體制的形成以及韓戰的影響，制定了排外政策。使得在韓國居住超過100年以上的韓國華僑，自1948年以後，只能以外國人的身份在韓居留。其二是，在臺灣的中華民國政府為因應韓國政府的排外政策，積極在韓國當地推廣僑務和教育。上述兩個事實的影響，使韓國華僑將對「想像」祖國中國的認同移轉為對臺灣中華民國政府的認同，並對中華民國有著強烈的認同感及愛國心 這種韓國華僑對臺灣中華民國政府的祖國與文化認同，在80年代，因臺灣島內「本土化」現象所造成的國家意識認同分歧，受到了嚴重的衝擊。使得韓國華僑原有一貫的祖國與文化認同結構，產生動搖，讓他們常有「何處是兒家」的惆悵。 韓國華僑初安民於1977年來台就學定居，他是創作詩人，目前也是《印刻文學生活誌》的總編輯。來臺後，初安民先生在1985年出版了詩集《愁心先醉》，2001年又出版了詩集《往南方的路》。《愁心先醉》深入刻畫他對祖國強烈的認同，並以自傳性的方式描述其在台灣遇到的困境及對臺灣政治社會變遷的適應過程；《往南方的路》則描述他經歷了臺灣「本土化」後，對臺灣的政治社會現象提出的深層批判和反思。 本論文以初安民在韓國成長，移民回臺灣和遇見臺灣本土化的三個階段為基礎，透過他兩本詩集文本的分析，探究初安民的祖國想像和文化認同。從初安民的生命歷程與作品中，體認無法撼動的文化歸屬與國家認同變動的多元性，並豐富韓國華僑的認同研究。

The overseas Chinese who have immigrated to Korea long before have usually imagined the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan as their homeland. Two things explain this homeland imagination. One thing is that Korean government has adopted a policy of discrimination against foreigners due to the Cold War and Korean Conflict after World War II. This policy made the overseas Chinese who have lived in Korea over 100 years stay there as a status of foreigners since 1948. The other thing is that the government of ROC in Taiwan aggressively planned and held many activities related to Chinese education and culture in Korea in response to the policy of discrimination against foreigners by Korean government. These two aforementioned things got the overseas Chinese in Korea transfer their homeland imagination from China to the government of ROC in Taiwan. Moreover, such a transfer of homeland imagination made them strongly identify the government of ROC in Taiwan and thus attach themselves to this government. For the overseas Chinese having lived in Korea, their identificationwith the government of ROC in Taiwan and its culture, however, has been seriously affected by the localization happening on the island of Taiwan in the 1980s, which caused the divergent identities of national consciousness. Thus, their national and cultural identity was shaken by such an impact, and they could not avoid feeling depressed, thinking about the question of where their homeland is. The poet Chu An-Ming, who has grown up in Korea, has come to Taiwan for studying since 1977. He is a creative poet and an editor-in-chief in the magazine of INK. He published his poetry collection A Heart Intoxicated with Sorrow in 1985 and The Road Southbound in 2001. He offered an in-depth description of strong identity and love to his homeland in his poetry collection A Heart Intoxicated with Sorrow. Also, he used a biographical method to describe the experiences and dilemmas he encountered in the changing process of the society and politics in Taiwan. In his poetry collection The Road Southbound, he provided deep reflective thinking and criticism for the society and politics in Taiwan after its localization. The current study aims to explore the homeland imagination and cultural identity of the overseas Chinese poet Chu An-Ming by analyzing his two poetry collections on the basis of three stages of his growing-up in Korea, his coming back to Taiwan, and his undergoing the localization in Taiwan. It is hoped that the strong national and cultural identity of the poet Chu An-Ming is able to be further understood by investigating his life experiences and works. In addition, the current study hopes to enrich the investigation of the national and cultural identity of the overseas Chinese immigrating to Korea.