宋代建窯黑釉茶盞的研究

Abstract

宋代建窯所燒造的黑釉茶盞之釉色瑩潤、器形秀美、胎骨堅實，因著鬥茶風尚盛行而廣為燒造，成為八大窯系之一的建窯系的中樞窯場。 歷經1960年於主要產燒區蘆花坪第一次的發掘，到1992年總共五次於其窯址的考古發掘，根據福建省博物館聯合考古隊、建陽縣文化館、建陽縣文物普查工作隊、廈門大學歷史系、廈門大學人類學博物館和中國社會科學院考古研究所發掘報告發現，建窯茶盞銷售的範圍，包括中國東南各地、日本、韓國及南洋群島一帶。 由蒐集公立博物館、考古發掘報告等圖錄資料，藉著資料樣本的準確性，進而建立宋代的建窯茶盞、仿燒建窯的茶盞、日式天目茶碗、韓國新安沉船出水茶盞、建窯茶盞款識類別等資料庫。根據考古發掘報告等相關文獻、期刊與論文資料，在人文社會領域的基礎上，結合科學領域的胎釉、元素分析，比較各茶盞在造形、胎土、釉色、紋飾、燒造工藝等異同。對於中國福建建窯系窯址，仿燒建窯的南方窯場如吉州與湖田窯、北方窯場的耀州與定窯進行資料蒐集與比較。針對日本受到建窯茶盞影響進而仿燒，與外銷至日本與韓國的建窯茶盞，建立資料庫與進行討論與比較，探索建窯茶盞對日本、韓國等地茶文化及茶具製作的影響。 透過建立資料庫與類型風格分析，結合其茶道與歷史的關係，對宋代黑釉建窯茶盞進行了較深入地探索，並進行資料的建構與整理，期望對於建窯茶盞的研究有所助益。The black-glazed tea bowls made from Jian kilns in the Song Dynasty, which had possession of characteristic of glazing shines crystal light, beautiful shape and solid taigu. Owing to widely firing cause of Tea competition fashion prevailed, Jian kilns became the center of the eight-kiln system. In 1960, the tea bowls had been found firstly in Luhua floor and archaeological excavations had continuous extensively processed five times till 1992. According to research of the Fujian Provincial Museum of the archaeological team, the Jianyang county Cultural Center, the Jianyang county Task Force survey on cultural relics Department of History, Xiamen University, Xiamen University, the Museum of Anthropology and Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute the excavation report found, the built kiln tea cups had market area far from the parts of southeast China, Japan, South Korea and the islands of Southeast Asia. By summary research of public museums, archaeological excavation reports illustrated catalog, we could make sure accurately about the data samples. Moreover we could build up the different kind databases of Jian kilns tea bowls, imitated Jian kilns tea bowls, Japanese tenmoku tea bowls, Xin'an wreck tea bowls found in Korea. Base on the bibliography of archaeological excavation reports and other relevant literature, journals and papers informations, on the basis of the field of Humanities and Social combination of scientific fields fetal glaze, elemental analysis, we might make the comparison of each tea bowl about shape, tire soil, glaze, ornamentation, similarities and differences between the firing process. By the way of literature collection and comparison of Jian kilns in Fujian area, the tea bowl shapes were imitated from Jian kilns such as Jizhou and Hutian in Southern of China, and the northern kilns in Yaozhou and Ding. During the period of Jian kilns culture, Japan and Korea were thirsting for buying Jian kilns tea bowls and beginning making the same Jian kilns tea bowls. In trem of databases comparison, we might infer that the effects of Jian kilns style tea bowls and the tea culture to Japan, Korea and other places. By the database establishment and comparison of different manufacture styles, we could make a research about the connection between the Jian kilns’s black-glazed tea bowls style and the history in the Song Dynasty. Most important of all, we might make a contribution by database establishment of Jian kilns’s black-glazed tea bowls.