日治初期台灣土地調查之研究(1898-1905)
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2011
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明治31年(1898年) 台灣總督府民政長官後藤新平在台推動土地調查事業，制定「台灣地籍規則」、「台灣土地調查規則」及「高等土地調查委員會」三個律令，台灣正式展開土地調查事業。設立「臨時台灣土地調查局」，局長由他本人兼任，次長則由總督府事務官兼參事中村是公兼任，局之下在各縣、廳內設置支局，支局之下依調查進度需要先後設立各個派出所。以現代化行政管理推動全島土地調查業務，開辦前並周詳規劃整體作業流程，招募人員，拉攏地方士紳，並在各實施地區張貼調查公告及舉辦說明會以安撫民心。起初先選擇台北縣下之石碇堡、文山堡、擺街堡等三個堡為調查實驗試辦區，並於明治31年9月17日正式開工，進行土地調查外業工作，開啟前後長達七年，參與人數67萬人，動員人數高達1,471,534人次之龐大事業工程。完成後總調查面積達777,850甲，筆數1,647,534筆土地，於是全島主要生產用地如田、旱、園等土地首次調查完成。經調查後發現隱田(未申報課稅土地)面積達345,958甲，讓政府田賦課徵面積大增，因此不需調高課徵稅率，政府每年田賦收入也自然增加。又同期兼辦完成全島之地籍測量與三角測量工作，台灣國土資訊系統資料因此確立。這次土地調查除達成增加台灣稅收預期目的外，更讓台灣土地權利明確化，保障土地交易安全，也提升農民投資意願，改善生活水準，奠定台灣資本化的基礎。另外全島土地測量完成，土地台帳、地籍圖、庄圖、堡圖等圖冊繪製編成，更讓總督府全面掌握台灣地理資訊，有利於治安維護，強化對台灣之統治力。日治初期土地調查之完成，當是一段值得統治者深思援用的歷史記錄。
The Meiji 31 years (1898 year), Mr. Shinpei Gotou, The Civil Administration senior official of Taiwan General Governor Palace which had handled land investigate enterprise at Taiwan. the first step are formulated “Taiwan cadastre rule”、“Taiwan land investigation rule” and “the higher land Investigation committee rule” three laws. Therefore, Taiwan launched the land investigation enterprise officially. Next sets up “temporary Taiwan land Investigation Bureau”, The chief of bureau is hold a concurrent post by himself. The vice chief is hold a concurrent post by the commissioner and adviser Mr. Nakamura. Under the bureau was established the branch office in various counties or hall, also under the branch office be set up each local office station successively according to the need of investigate progress. Then by the modern administration impels the entire island land investigate works. Before the work is expanding by the process , They are take minute plan overall work of flowchart, recruiting employee, wins over the local gentry. Meantime, They are post announcement of main investigation contents and take a public explaining meeting that may able to comfort the populace sentiment. On the first, they have choose those areas which under Taipei County, include the Shi-ding(石碇) fort, the Wen-shan (文山) fort and the Pae-jie(擺接) fort (now name is Ban-qiao) three forts which to set up as an experimental area for the land investigate work. Finally, on September 17 of the Meiji 31 years, it was operated the field process of land investigation. The working period have almost seven years, the participation population have about 670,000 peoples, and the mobilization population reaches as high as 1,471,534 people(人次) of this huge project。After the end, They have completed investigating area amount are 777,850 jeas (甲) , 1,647,374 biis (筆) of the land numbers. Therefore, entire island main production lands so as field, arid land and building land are completed by the primary investigation. Meanwhile, They also have discovered the hidden field (had not reported scot land tax) reaches 345,958 jeas（甲） after investigation, and may lets the government land tax scot area increase, therefore, if it not raise the scot tax rate, the government also may scot the total amount of land tax income will increases every year naturally. By the way ,due to he handing concurrently works of land survey and three vertex survey of the entire island have completed it, Therefore, the Taiwan national territory information system material was establishes. This land investigation besides achieves increases the Taiwan tax revenue that according to anticipated target, also let the land right clarification, to promote the safeguard land transaction security, also attract the farmer to invest on their farm, improvement the level of living, and establishes Taiwan capitalization of the foundation. Moreover, the entire island land surveying completes, the land registration book, the land registration map, map of village and towns etc, these map and books may enable the Palace of General Governor tograsp the Taiwan geography information comprehensively, It also advantageous in the public security maintenance, strengthens the control power of Japan government to rule the Taiwanese. The Japanese primary completed investigation of Taiwan land , will be worth case of historic record that let the ruler to consider and cites deeply.
The Meiji 31 years (1898 year), Mr. Shinpei Gotou, The Civil Administration senior official of Taiwan General Governor Palace which had handled land investigate enterprise at Taiwan. the first step are formulated “Taiwan cadastre rule”、“Taiwan land investigation rule” and “the higher land Investigation committee rule” three laws. Therefore, Taiwan launched the land investigation enterprise officially. Next sets up “temporary Taiwan land Investigation Bureau”, The chief of bureau is hold a concurrent post by himself. The vice chief is hold a concurrent post by the commissioner and adviser Mr. Nakamura. Under the bureau was established the branch office in various counties or hall, also under the branch office be set up each local office station successively according to the need of investigate progress. Then by the modern administration impels the entire island land investigate works. Before the work is expanding by the process , They are take minute plan overall work of flowchart, recruiting employee, wins over the local gentry. Meantime, They are post announcement of main investigation contents and take a public explaining meeting that may able to comfort the populace sentiment. On the first, they have choose those areas which under Taipei County, include the Shi-ding(石碇) fort, the Wen-shan (文山) fort and the Pae-jie(擺接) fort (now name is Ban-qiao) three forts which to set up as an experimental area for the land investigate work. Finally, on September 17 of the Meiji 31 years, it was operated the field process of land investigation. The working period have almost seven years, the participation population have about 670,000 peoples, and the mobilization population reaches as high as 1,471,534 people(人次) of this huge project。After the end, They have completed investigating area amount are 777,850 jeas (甲) , 1,647,374 biis (筆) of the land numbers. Therefore, entire island main production lands so as field, arid land and building land are completed by the primary investigation. Meanwhile, They also have discovered the hidden field (had not reported scot land tax) reaches 345,958 jeas（甲） after investigation, and may lets the government land tax scot area increase, therefore, if it not raise the scot tax rate, the government also may scot the total amount of land tax income will increases every year naturally. By the way ,due to he handing concurrently works of land survey and three vertex survey of the entire island have completed it, Therefore, the Taiwan national territory information system material was establishes. This land investigation besides achieves increases the Taiwan tax revenue that according to anticipated target, also let the land right clarification, to promote the safeguard land transaction security, also attract the farmer to invest on their farm, improvement the level of living, and establishes Taiwan capitalization of the foundation. Moreover, the entire island land surveying completes, the land registration book, the land registration map, map of village and towns etc, these map and books may enable the Palace of General Governor tograsp the Taiwan geography information comprehensively, It also advantageous in the public security maintenance, strengthens the control power of Japan government to rule the Taiwanese. The Japanese primary completed investigation of Taiwan land , will be worth case of historic record that let the ruler to consider and cites deeply.
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土地調查, 地籍測量, 田賦, land investigation, land surveying, land tax