臺北市大安區高齡者社會支持與休閒參與之相關研究

Abstract

臺灣人口老化現象與日俱增，2007年7月底，臺灣已達到高齡化社會的標準 (內政部社會司，2007) 。而高齡化對個人的重要影響之一，因生理、心理之特性，易使其無法良好的適應生活中的各種狀況，然而獲得社會支持以及參與休閒則能夠提升高齡者的活力及心理慰藉、增進健康 (陳育慧，2002；劉正文，2005) ，提高生活適應能力。因此，本研究之目的為瞭解高齡者其社會支持感受程度與休閒參與行為之相關性，以期提供政府及相關機構高齡政策規劃之參考。本研究之對象為居住在臺北市大安區，且年滿65歲以上之高齡者進行調查。抽樣方法採分層便利取樣，以大安區各個鄰里為區分。調查時間為2012年2月至2012年4月，發放問卷450份，回收有效問卷385份。研究結果顯示高齡者：一、參與最多的三項活動為散步、看電視及報紙、聊天，且參加靜態類的活動較多；最少的三項依次為跑步、下棋或玩牌、蒐集剪貼；二、以每日與配偶相處的時間最多；獲得之社會支持程度偏高，其中最高的支持種類為社會網絡支持；三、不同背景之休閒參與的頻率及類型有顯著差異；四、不同背景之社會支持程度，有達到顯著差異；五、社會支持與休閒參與之關係呈現低度正相關。因此研究建議高齡者：一、從事團體性之活動以增進社會支持，並多參與動態類活動；二、政府能提供高齡者良好的休閒參與環境及維持高齡者經濟安穩，使其能適應老化生活。

The purpose of this research is to discuss the relationship between the support from society towards elderly people and their participation of recreational activities. A stratified convenience sampling was used to collect data from 450 elderly people over 65 years old who live in Da-An district of Taipei city. The investigation used a structured questionnaire to conduct face-to-face interview. After rejecting the invalid questionnaires, 385 acceptable copies were analyzed. The period of data collection was from February to April in 2012. The results show that: 1) Taking a walk, watching television and reading the newspaper while chatting are the most preferable activities in sequence. This infers that sedentary activities are of higher preference.. 2) The most support comes fromtheir spouses they get along with each day. The level of society support is high, where the type with the highest score is support from the internet. 3) Those with different backgrounds tend to participate in different types of activities and different frequencies. 4) Those with different backgrounds have different social support 5) The relevance between social support and the participation of recreational activities is low. the results suggested that : 1) elderly people are encouraged to join group activities in order to increase society support, and participate in outdoor activities to maintain a healthy body and mind, 2) the government should provide the elders a better recreational environment and maintain their economical state for successful aging.