高等教育國際化歷程中大學校長角色與領導策略之研究

Abstract

為了因應全球化，高等教育國際化似乎是無可避免的趨勢，大學校長是大學的領導者，在引領大學朝向國際化上，扮演著極為關鍵的角色。本研究旨在探究高等教育國際化歷程中，大學校長對於自我角色之定位，以及所運用之國際化領導策略。採用個案研究的方式，以國內九所公私立大學和學院的校長作為研究對象，透過訪談和文件分析進行資料的蒐集，主要發現如下： 一、國際化是一種整合且持續不斷的過程，涵育組織革新的動能。 二、國際化的發展與學校的背景脈絡及現況有極大關係。 三、受訪者認為行政管理者角色最重要，企業經營者和公共關係者次之，對於學術領導者則有不同看法。 四、大學所處的國際化發展階段決定校長角色。 五、國際化歷程中大學校長的角色定位是願景領導者、策略領導者和文化領導者。 六、大學校長的角色兩難常是來自於行政次級系統與專業次級系統之間的價值對立。 七、募款能力與語言能力是重要但非必要之條件。 八、國際化領導策略始於大學校長的組織承諾與決心。 九、國際合作關係難以維持，而國內合作關係有待加強。 十、國際化的執行落差來自教師和學生。 十一、國際化是多元文化的理解以及人文關懷的實踐，卻也是學校配合官方評鑑的手段。

關鍵詞：高等教育國際化、大學校長角色、國際化的領導策略

In order to response to globalization, internationalization of higher education seems to be an unavoidable trend. University and college presidents as leaders, play critical roles while piloting all the members in institutions toward the goal of internationalization. The purposes of this study were to explore how university and college presidents view their roles, utilizing leadership strategies in the process of higher education of internationalization as well. A case study was applied in this study, and nine public and private university and college presidents were to be research participants. The researcher collected data through interview and document analysis. The conclusions of this study were the following: 1. Internationalization as an integrated and ongoing process contains an agent of organizational innovation. 2. The development of internationalization was quite related to the context and current situation in universities and colleges. 3. Participants consider administrator as the most important, corporate CEO and political leader as the second, as to academician, they have different opinions. 4. The roles of university and college presidents were based on the development stage of internationalization in higher education institutions. 5. The unique roles of university and college presidents were visionary leader, strategic leader, and cultural leader in the internationalization process. 6. There were strong tensions between bureaucratic subsystem and professional subsystem in universities and colleges, which result in presidents’ role conflict. 7. Fund raising and linguistic competencies were important but not necessary conditions for presidents. 8. Leadership strategies of internationalization begin with presidents’ organizational commitments and resolution. 9. International collaboration is hard to maintain, and domestic collaboration needs to be reinforced. 10. The perspectives of faculty members and students on internationalization might cause gaps while implementing it. 11. Internationalization is not only the understanding of cultural diversity and concerns for human beings, but also an evaluation tool which higher education institutions should go with.

Keywords: internationalization of higher education, the roles of university and college presidents, leadership strategies of internationalization