明末江南文士飲食中的閒適和養生：以李漁《閒情偶寄》和高濂《雅尚齋遵生八牋》為研究對象

Abstract

「閒適」和「養生」為明代江南文士所普遍具有的生活風格。本論文以閒適和養生為切入點，探看其時文人飲食生活中流露出的閒適心態，以及為達養生而於飲食生活中所採取、遵循的養生行為。以筆記小說中多記載作者生活所見所聞之故，選用生活類筆記小說為主要文本。論文中，先探討整體說來普遍存在於文人飲食生活，可表現出閒適心境的行為、活動，以及飲食活動中具有養生意涵的行為。藉由對李漁《閒情偶寄》和高濂《雅尚齋遵生八牋》的細緻探討，能對於兩書中獨特的飲食觀，和閒適與養生思想實際出現於文人日常生活的面貌和方式有所了解。閒適和養生的特殊性質，使得兩者間具有極大關聯性，本論文呈現出明代江南文士融合閒適和養生風格的飲食生活。

Leisure and health keeping are two principles Ming literati choose to follow in their lives. This thesis uses leisure and health keeping as keywords to look into Ming literati’s dietary culture. The thesis carefully uses literati’s own words to show and to tell their lifestyle, especially on their way of eating and drinking. The texts used in this thesis are notes from Jiangnan literati, they wrote these notes to sketch their colorful lives. Two books are specially discussed. Li Yu’s Xian Qing Ou Ji shows how the elegant and leisured life can be in literati’s lives. The book is discussed especially on the author’s idea of eating and living in a leisured mind. And Gao Lian’s Ya Shang Zhai Zun Sheng Ba Jian shows methods and ways the literati follow in their eating in order to have a healthy life. The book is discussed on the author’s general attitude to having and keeping a health body. This thesis studies on Ming literati’s leisured and healthy dietary culture.