中日合作策進委員會對日本的政治與經濟外交

Abstract

二戰結束後國府接收臺灣，切斷與日本長達五十年的政治、經濟的隸屬關係。隨即海峽兩岸政權捲入國共內戰、冷戰，就政治面而言，蔣中正為防堵中共勢力擴大，希望與日本政府組成反共聯盟。而就經濟面而言，受到自然環境限制，需進口原物料，出口農工產品賺取外匯。日本既是美國在亞洲反共的防波堤，又是提供臺灣新技術，也是臺灣原料、農特產品之銷售市場。儘管兩國在政治上同屬自由陣營，日本冀望能向中共銷售工業產品，進口農產品與所需工業原物料，始終擺盪於兩岸之間，構成中共、日本與中華民國政治、經濟複雜互動關係。前述國際局勢導致日本政府陷入中國承認問題的爭議，國府對日的官式外交遭遇到重重阻礙。國府為拉攏日本不倒向中共，也只能轉而依賴第二軌外交從旁協助，當中日本財經界人士、政界議員為國府的攏絡對象。國府為拉攏日本反制中共，提出經濟合作構想，經濟合作意涵從一開始的物資交換、日本財經界參與經建計畫，轉變為投資與技術合作、貸借資金。本論文考察當中的變遷及意義，另一主軸則是探討中日合作策進委員會居中扮演的角色，從貿易、技術、資金與投資等層面，論述合作歷程及其後續影響。經濟合作發揮第二軌外交的功能，促成國府、策進會與日本政界、財經界人士互動，開拓了官式外交以外的實務關係。日本財經界重視在臺市場與情誼，斷交後雖無正式官方關係，仍能維持緊密經濟、貿易合作交流。正因有著策進會的核心份子支持，日本對臺投資、貿易數額呈現逐年成長，開啟此後構成以經貿為核心議題的外交關係。After the end of World War II, R.O.C. took over Taiwan and cut off its 50-years political and economic affiliation with Japan. Immediately, the regimes on both sides of the Taiwan Strait were involved in the civil war and the Cold War between KMT and PRC. In terms of politics, Chiang Kai-shek hoped to form an anti-communist alliance with the Japanese government in order to prevent the expansion of the PRC's influence. In terms of economy, due to the natural environment, it is necessary to import raw materials and export agricultural and industrial products to earn foreign exchange. Japan is not only a breakwater for the United States to fight against communism in Asia, but also market for Taiwan's new technology and sales market for Taiwan's raw materials and agricultural products. Although both countries are politically in the Free World, Japan hopes to be able to sell industrial products to the PRC, import agricultural products and required industrial raw materials, and always swing between the two sides of the strait, forming a complex political and economic interaction between the PRC, Japan and the R.O.C.The aforementioned international situation has led Japanese Government to fall into the controversy over China's recognition, and the government's official diplomacy with Japan has encountered many obstacles. In order to win Japan over to the PRC, R.O.C. rely on the second-track diplomacy for assistance, among which Japanese financial and political figures are the targets of the national government. In order to win over Japan to counter the PRC, R.O.C. proposed the concept of economic cooperation. The meaning of economic cooperation started from the exchange of materials and the participation of the Japanese financial community in the economic construction plan, to investment and technical cooperation, and loan funds. This dissertation examines the changes and their significance. On other hand, discourse the role played by the Committee for Promotion of Sino-Japanese Cooperation and discuss the cooperation process and its subsequent impact from the aspects of trade, technology, capital and investment.Economic cooperation played the function of the second track of diplomacy, facilitated the interaction between KMT and the Committee for Promotion of Sino-Japanese Cooperation and Japanese political and financial circles, and opened up practical relations other than official diplomacy. The Japanese business community attaches great importance to the Taiwan market and friendship.Although there is no official relationship after the severance of diplomatic ties, they can still maintain close economic and trade cooperation and exchanges. It is precisely because of the support of the core members of the Committee for Promotion of Sino-Japanese Cooperation that Japan's investment and trade volume with Taiwan has grown year by year, opening up diplomatic relations with economic and trade as the main issue since then.