大專排球代表隊選手目標取向與參與動機之關聯性研究

Abstract

運動選手因為擁有不同的目標取向與參與動機，而產生小至態度、動機氣候，大至運動表現等不同影響，因此，本研究旨在瞭解大專排球選手在目標取向和參與動機之相關情形，分析影響選手的因素為何，並提出改進方法。本研究使用運動目標取向量表與運動動機量表，以100學年度大專排球選手為研究對象，共取得447份有效樣本，並以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析及典型相關進行資料分析，研究結果如下： 一、大專排球選手男女比例相當，近半數選手為一般級選手。 二、大專排球選手以自我取向作為成功的依準，並以內在動機為主要參與動機。 三、性別、球齡、位置、組別、運動成績優良學生、每周練習時間在目標取向及參與動機各有差異，唯年級無顯著差異。 四、大專排球選手之工作取向與內在動機呈正相關、與無動機與外在調節呈負相關；自我取向與無動機、內射調節、外在調節與認同調節呈正相關。 基於上述結果，建議大專排球代表隊可形成良好訓練情境，培養適當球隊氣氛、大專排球委員會應訂定良好賽制，定期檢討但避免大幅更改，而在大專院校中則應提升校園排球運動風氣，使排球有跳脫運動場上的發展，進而強化大專排球選手之參與動機，提升其運動表現。

Goal orientation and sport motivation had a great effect upon attitude, motivational climate and sport performance of college volleyball players. Thus, this study aimed to explore the relationship between goal orientation and sport motivation of college volleyball players. The study provided useful information for coach and players in terms of preparing training programs, promoting mental ability and improving the performance. “Sport Motivation Scale” and “Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire” were be used. The valid subjects were 447 college volleyball players who studied in the 2012 academic year. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and canonical correlation analysis were used for data analysis. The results were as follows: 1. The demographics of players were mostly 4th level and the gender was each half. 2. Players tended to focus on “ego orientation” than “task orientation” and were concentrated on “intrinsic motivation”. 3. Regarding the goal orientation and sport motivation, except year grade, there were significant differences among gender, the year of practice, team position, level and the frequency of practice. 4. Task orientation was positively associated with intrinsic motivation. Ego orientation was positively associated with extrinsic motivation and Amotivation. Based on these results, the study suggests that college volleyball teams should practice in a cordial atmosphere. The rules of games should not be changed easily. The players should do more things besides practicing. Therefore, college volleyball players can improve their intrinsic motivation and performance successfully.